Importance of sub-23 nm particles in traffic environments: Particle number emission factors and extrathoracic deposition doses
Jazyk angličtina Země Anglie, Velká Británie Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
39947577
DOI
10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125835
PII: S0269-7491(25)00208-8
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Air quality, Concentration, Exposure, Ultrafine, Urban pollution,
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pevné částice * analýza MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- výfukové emise vozidel * analýza MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
- pevné částice * MeSH
- výfukové emise vozidel * MeSH
New research suggests that exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs; particle diameter dp < 100 nm) is particularly harmful to brain health. One pathway into the body is via deposition in the respiratory system, where the smallest UFPs deposit efficiently in human extrathoracic airways. Traffic is a major source of these particles, yet sub-23 nm (dp < 23 nm) particles are currently unregulated in engine emission testing worldwide, including the stringent requirements of the European Union, nor are there requirements for ambient monitoring. In this study, we report size-resolved particle number emission factors (EFs) for traffic and estimates of extrathoracic dose rates of sub-23 nm particles. The EFs and dose rates are based on measurements conducted in different urban environments, including roads, tunnels, an airport, and a riverside, in two Central European cities (Düsseldorf and Prague) from March to April 2022. A key difference between the cities is that Düsseldorf has a low-emission zone in its central area and a newer vehicle fleet compared to Prague. Overall, traffic-influenced sites had large EFs for sub-23 nm particles. In the highway and tunnel environments, EFs of particles with dp > 2.5 nm were between 2 and 18 times greater than the EFs of particles with dp > 23 nm. Near the airport, the EF of particles with dp > 23 nm was already high, being 2-9 times higher than in other environments. The number concentrations of sub-23 nm particles varied significantly within the studied cities, and dose rates (measured in billions of particles per hour) differed by up to a factor of ten or more depending on the location.
A 1 Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70210 Finland
Aerosol Physics Laboratory Physics Unit Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
Atmospheric Composition Research Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki 00560 Finland
Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics IEM CAS Prague 14220 Czech Republic
IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
Research Group of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics ICPF CAS Prague 16500 Czech Republic
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