Immunostimulant effect of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in mice challenged with vector-borne pathogens
Language English Country Netherlands Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
40188566
DOI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127076
PII: S0264-410X(25)00373-1
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycobacterium bovis, Plasmodium berghei, Trained immunity, Vector-borne disease,
- MeSH
- Adjuvants, Immunologic * administration & dosage MeSH
- BCG Vaccine * immunology administration & dosage MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi immunology MeSH
- Cytokines MeSH
- Vaccines, Inactivated immunology administration & dosage MeSH
- Interferon-gamma immunology MeSH
- Interleukin-1alpha immunology MeSH
- Liver immunology MeSH
- Lyme Disease * prevention & control immunology MeSH
- Macrophages immunology MeSH
- Malaria * prevention & control immunology MeSH
- Mycobacterium bovis * immunology MeSH
- Mice, Inbred BALB C MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C3H MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Plasmodium berghei immunology MeSH
- Antibodies, Bacterial blood MeSH
- Spleen immunology microbiology MeSH
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha immunology MeSH
- Hot Temperature MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Adjuvants, Immunologic * MeSH
- BCG Vaccine * MeSH
- Cytokines MeSH
- Vaccines, Inactivated MeSH
- Interferon-gamma MeSH
- Interleukin-1alpha MeSH
- Antibodies, Bacterial MeSH
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha MeSH
Trained immunity is defined as an enhanced state of the innate system which leads to an improved immune response against related or non-related pathogens. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, is currently one of the main inductors of trained immunity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) against Plasmodium berghei and Borrelia burgdorferi and characterize the immunological mechanisms involved. BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice were randomly assigned in similar number to either immunized group receiving two oral doses of HIMB with a 4-week interval, or control group treated with PBS. All the BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with P. berghei while the C3H/HeN mice were subcutaneously infected with B. burgdorferi. Pathogen burden was significantly reduced in both immunized groups when compared to controls. The number of macrophages significantly decreased in the liver or in the spleen of the mice that had been immunized prior to the challenge with P. berghei or B. burgdorferi, respectively. Furthermore, the immunized groups showed an apparent upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1α in the liver (P. berghei challenge) or a significant increase in IL-1α producing cells in the spleen (B. burgdorferi challenge). Our findings suggest that oral immunization with heat-inactivated mycobacteria limits pathogen burden through stimulation of the innate immune response in two vector-borne diseases in mice.
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