Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), a valued medicinal fungus used in traditional medicine for over 2000 years, has sparked widespread scientific attention due to its extensive range of bioactive ingredients and therapeutic promise in modern medicine. This study presents a detailed and up-to-date examination of G. lucidum's primary bioactive components, which include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, nucleotides, proteins, alkaloids, and sesquiterpenoids. These chemical components show a wide range of pharmacological effects, including immune modulation, cancer suppression, and neuroprotection. The review also gives insight on developing and underexplored therapeutic areas, such as the mushroom's antiviral properties particularly its anti-HIV potential as well as its anti-fibrotic, neuropharmacological, and anti-aging benefits. By combining traditional therapeutic knowledge with modern biomedical innovation, G. lucidum is positioned as a viable natural resource for solving modern health issues. Continued study is required to understand the molecular processes that underpin its many effects and to assist its incorporation into evidence-based medicinal applications. It subsequently emphasizes and thoroughly examines G. lucidum's bioactive components, as well as insights into its rising role in healthcare, combining traditional knowledge with recent biological achievements.

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Sector 19 Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India

Centre of Advanced Innovation Technologies VSB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Poruba 70800 Czech Republic

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University Himachal Pradesh 173229 India

ICFRE Himalayan Forest Research Institute Shimla 171013 India

Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences 02 106 Warsaw Poland

Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory Division of Life Sciences Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Vigyan Path Guwahati Assam 781035 India

School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

School of Biological and Environmental Science Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

School of Water Energy and Environment Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK

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