Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death and morbidity in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Natural antioxidants, such as those found in green tea leaves, are beneficial in preventing these diseases. This study evaluated the protective effects of green tea leaves powder against isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Four groups of male Long Evans rats were used: Control, Control + green tea leaves powder, ISO, and ISO + green tea leaves powder. Organ and blood plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress biomarkers, biochemical parameters, and gene expressions. Furthermore, tissue sections were prepared and stained histologically. ISO-induced rats showed decreased cellular antioxidants (catalase activity and glutathione concentration) and elevated oxidative stress markers. Notable inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were observed in the heart and kidneys of ISO-induced rats. Supplementation with green tea leaves powder significantly restored catalase activity and glutathione concentration (p < 0.05) in plasma and tissues. It also considerably reduced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and advanced oxidation protein products (p < 0.05) in ISO-administered rats. Furthermore, green tea leaves powder supplementation halted inflammatory gene expression (p < 0.05), restored antioxidant genes (p < 0.05) such as Nrf-2-HO-1, and prevented cardiac fibrosis in ISO-administered rats. Green tea leaves powder supplementation may reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in ISO-administered rats, potentially through the Nrf-2-HO-1-mediated restoration of antioxidant enzymes and prevention of heart inflammation.

BCSIR Laboratories Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka Bangladesh

Centre for Natural Products Discovery School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University James Parsons Building Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh

Laboratory of Growth Regulators Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

Medicinal Plants Research Centre Institute of Herbal Medicines and Metabolic Disorders Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran

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