Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CNO) is a condition that develops in the presence of neuropathy, most commonly diabetes-related neuropathy. Owing to the neuropathy, microtrauma to the bones occur without the individual feeling them. With continued walking, bone inflammation, resorption, microfractures and structural changes occur in the bones, which result in irreversible deformities. Diagnosing this condition is often difficult and requires advanced imaging techniques, such as scintigraphy or magnetic resonance imaging, as X-ray changes may not be specific. Treatment of CNO includes immobilization, offloading, recalcification (supplementation of vitamin D and calcium) and in the most advanced cases, surgical treatment. This narrative review aims to synthesize the recent research and clinical implications relating to Charcot foot to help healthcare professionals to stay up-to-date in this relevant topic.

1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biological Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University of Manchester Manchester UK

Department of Rheumatology Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust Salford Care Organisation Salford UK

Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic

Diabetes Center Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust Ashton under Lyne Lancashire UK

NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK

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