AIM: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and severity of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in the Czech paediatric population before, during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: The data were collected from 15 centres. The patients were divided into three periods: 2016-2019 (pre-COVID), 2020-2021 (COVID) and 2022-2023 (post-COVID). The incidence of APSGN during the studied period was assessed. The clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the pre-COVID and post-COVID periods. RESULTS: Of the 117 patients with possible APSGN, 95 met the inclusion criteria. There were 67 (70.5%) males. The incidence of APSGN was significantly higher during the post-COVID period (32/year) than during the pre-COVID (6/year) and COVID (3.5/year) periods (p < 0.0001). The highest number of cases occurred in 2023 (n = 55). During the post-COVID period there was more frequent use (p = 0.0448) and duration (p = 0.0131) of furosemide; more frequent antihypertensive treatment (p = 0.0104); and a higher prevalence of acute kidney injury (p = 0.0145), hypertension (p = 0.0178), and hypertension stage 2 (p = 0.0372) compared to the pre-COVID period. Kidney replacement therapy and crescentic glomerulonephritis were found only during the post-COVID period. CONCLUSION: We found a significantly higher incidence of APSGN and its associated complications during the post-COVID period.

Department of Children and Adolescents 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics 1st Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General University Hospital Prague Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové University Hospital Hradec Králové Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen University Hospital Pilsen Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Hospital Bulovka Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Hospital České Budějovice České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Hospital Jihlava Jihlava Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Hospital Most Most Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Hospital Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Masaryk Hospital University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně Ústí nad Labem Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics Tomáše Bati Hospital Zlín Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Institute of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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