Endometriosis is a complex and chronic estrogen-dependent disease, affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. Despite the long interest and extensive research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still debated. Although available non-invasive diagnostic methods have adequate accuracy, an invasive approach by laparoscopy is often necessary to obtain histological confirmation. In this scenario, the search for an accurate, reliable, cost-effective, clinically applicable non-invasive biomarker plays a crucial role in a potentially early diagnosis and, in this way, shape the future management of the disease. Considering these elements, the current review aims to summarize the most significant and novel results about biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of women affected by endometriosis.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- endometrióza * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata and traditionally used in Chinese and Indian medicine. Reported effects include anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions. Most of the studies support the hypothesis that andrographolide supplementation stimulates immune system, so the observed effects migh in fact be secondary to the stimulation of defense reactions. As andrographolide is involved in regulation of inflammation, it is not surprising that it is also evaluated in inflammation-mediated diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Anticancer effects of the andrographolide have been tested on various cancer panels. Colon cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck carcinomas were the most investigated, followed by prostate cancer and glioblastoma. The results looked promising. However, problems with solubility and low level of active substance in natural extract leads to preparation of chemical analogs. Objective of this short review is to summarize current knowledge of the biological effects of andragrapholide. We conclude that despite documented effects and some partly characterized mechanisms of action, more research is clearly needed. At present, the doses, types of treatment and possible negative side effects are not yet established. In addition, various isolations and compound formulas have been used for treatment of various diseases, making final conclusions problematic.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Vaccination constitutes one of the major breakthroughs in human medicine. At the same time, development of more immunogenic vaccine alternatives to using aluminium-based adjuvants is one of the most important phases of vaccination development. Among different sources of carbohydrate polymers, including plants, microbes and synthetic sources tested, glucans were found to be the most promising vaccine adjuvant, as they alone stimulate various immune reactions including antibody production without any negative side effects. The use of glucan particles as a delivery system is a viable option based on the documented efficient antigen loading and receptor-targeted uptake in antigen-presenting cells. In addition to particles, soluble glucans can be used as novel hydrogels or as direct immunocyte-targeting delivery systems employing novel complexes with oligodeoxynucleotides. This review focuses on recent advances in glucan-based vaccine development from glucan-based conjugates to a glucan-based delivery and adjuvant platform.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
- beta-glukany imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydrogely terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oligodeoxyribonukleotidy MeSH
- prezentace antigenu MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků metody MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been classified as non-communicable diseases for decades. Both diseases have characteristics of immune reactions, which are principally identical, but differing in important aspects. The aim of this communication is to highlight new approaches to immune processes involved in both types of diseases.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Lately, more and more preparation of various cocktails or mixtures of bioactive modulators have been introduced. Their true activity is, however, rarely tested. AIM: To compare six commercially available, glucan-based immunostimulators. METHODS: Immunological effects of tested combinations were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of synthetic particles by peripheral blood neutrophils, production of IL-2 by mouse splenocytes, production of superoxide anion and nitrite oxide, antibody response to imunization with ovalbumin, and NK cell activity. RESULTS: Our results showed that with the exception of the highest doses (phagocytosis) and superoxide anion and nitrite oxide production, only RVB 300 showed significant immunostimulative activity. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we can conclude that most of the tested natural immunomodulators have limited, if any, biological effects. Only RVB 300 significantly stimulated all six tested immunological reactions.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- fagocytóza účinky léků MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunologické faktory farmakologie MeSH
- interleukin-2 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neutrofily účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- ovalbumin imunologie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- superoxidy metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the relative distributions of subsets of natural killer (NK) cells, including immunoregulatory NK cells (CD56(+)CD16(-)), cytotoxic NK cells (CD56(+)CD16(+)), as well as total NK cells (CD56(+)CD3(-)), and NKT cells (CD56(+)CD3(+)) in peripheral blood and follicular fluid in subjects with successful or unsuccessful IVF treatment. The immunoregulatory NK cell population in follicular fluid of women who failed to achieve pregnancy after IVF treatment was significantly decreased compared to women who became pregnant after IVF. Conversely, the NKT cell population in the follicular fluid of women with unsuccessful treatment was significantly elevated compared with those with successful IVF. Understanding the changes in the distribution of NK and NKT cell populations in follicular fluid might serve as the basis for a more detailed study to determine whether NK cell parameters have prognostic value in guiding the selection of individual ova for use in IVF procedures.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- buňky NK imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- CD antigeny biosyntéza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro MeSH
- folikulární tekutina cytologie imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- NKT buňky imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- separace buněk MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- ženská infertilita krev diagnóza patologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
