The extraction of phenolic compounds from 4 different sea algae samples, three brown algae (Cystoseira abies-marina, C. abies-marina grinded under cryogenic conditions with liquid nitrogen, Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum muticum) and one red algae (Chondrus crispus) via solid phase extraction using micro-elution solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) plate method was studied. Prior to μ-SPE, 50mg of algae with 80% methanol mixture was extracted in hyphenated series by various extraction techniques, such as pressurized liquid extraction and Ika Ultra-Turrax(®) Tube Drive, in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. The μ-SPE plate technique reduced the time of sample pre-treatment thanks to higher sensitivity and pre-concentration effect. Selected groups of benzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gallic, vanillic, and syringic acids), hydroxybenzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde), and cinnamic acid derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, and chlorogenic acids) were determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection with negative ion electrospray ionization (RRLC-ESI-MS) using multiple reactions monitoring. LOQs of measured samples varied in the range 0.23-1.68ng/mL and LODs in the range 0.07-0.52ng/mL. The applied method allowed a simultaneous determination of phenolics (i.e. free, esters soluble in methanol, glycosides, and esters insoluble in methanol) in less than 5min (including alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of raw extracts) from sea algae extracts.
After 20 years of development, evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) has become the mainstream choice for the detection of various classes of natural products. ELSD continues to grow in popularity as a "quasi-universal" technique because of the specificity of the detection method, which is based on the scattering of laser light from nonvolatile analyte particles. It represents an attractive alternative compared to other types of detection, such as refractive index detection and/or ultraviolet detection. This review presents issues concerned with the separation of carbohydrates in plant materials by HPLC and ELSD, as well as the advantages and limitations relating to the ELSD method. Additionally, an overview of possible ELSD applications in the analysis of carbohydrates in natural products is presented.
New hyphenated technique for the extraction and determination of isoflavones in sea and freshwater algae and cyanobacteria was developed. The method consists of sonication sample pretreatment, extraction by supercritical CO(2) modified by 3% (v/v) of MeOH/H(2)O mixture (9:1, v/v) at 35 MPa and 40°C for 60 min, fast chromatography analysis by the means of Agilent 1200 Series Rapid Resolution and MS/MS determination. Agilent 1200 Series RRLC was used with Zorbax SB-CN chromatographic column (100 mm × 2.1mm, particle size 3.5 μm), 3μl injection volume, mobile phase consisting of 0.2% (v/v) acetic acid in water (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) and used with linear gradient (30% B at 0 min, from 0 min to 3 min up to 50% B, from 3 to 6 min up to 80% B and from 6 to 10 min down to 30% B). The flow-rate was 0.4 mL/min, column oven temperature 35°C. MS detector Agilent Technologies 6460 Triple quadrupole LC/MS with Agilent Jet Stream was used in a negative ESI mode under following conditions: gas temperature 350°C, gas flow 13 L/min, nebulizer gas pressure 50 psi, sheath gas temperature 400°C, sheath gas flow 12L/min, capillary voltage was 4 kV. Samples were analysed in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Eight isoflavone compounds were found for the first time in seven real samples of sea algae and in three control samples of freshwater algae and cyanobacteria. Usual optimisation study of extraction parameters was performed. Pressure and temperature optima for algae matrix are different from those obtained sooner for other matrices for most of the analytes, but the results of modifier optimisation study are in good accordance with those obtained sooner for spiked samples and red clover matrix. It seems that matrix has very small or no effect on the modifier selection. Two different approaches of sonication pretreatment were tested: sonication bath and the thorn instrument. In longer extraction time experiments, thorn sonication was more efficient and recovery of following supercritical fluid extraction was higher.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody MeSH
- isoflavony analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Phaeophyceae chemie MeSH
- Rhodophyta chemie MeSH
- superkritická fluidní chromatografie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- ultrazvuk MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Řasy a sinice představují skupinu fotosyntetizujících organismů, které se významně podílejí na primární produkci planety. Mnohé z obsahových látek řas jsou využívány a testovány v biotechnologických postupech a farmaceutickém nebo potravinářském průmyslu. Jde převážně o fykokoloidy a vybrané nízkomolekulární produkty metabolismu, jako jsou vitaminy, glykosidy, toxiny nebo fotosyntetické pigmenty. Mnohé z těchto látek vykazují antioxidační, antimikrobiální, virostatické nebo protirakovinné účinky, a je proto diskutována jejich využitelnost ve farmakochemickém a biomedicínském výzkumu a vývoji. V předkládaném textu jsou ve stručnosti uvedeny významné obsahové látky řas a nové poznatky týkající se výskytu fenolických sloučenin v řasách a sinicích.
Algae and cyanobacteria belong to photosynthetic organisms responsible for primary production of the Earth. Algae are able to synthesize different compounds (phycocolloids and low-molecular metabolites, such as vitamins, glycosides, toxins, and photosynthetic pigments) which are applied and tested in biotechnology, pharmacy, and food industry. Many of algal metabolites are antioxidants and/or antimicrobial agents and therefore the application of these metabolites in pharmaceutical and biomedical research and development is discussed. In the present review, the compounds important for chemical industry and basic algal phenolic metabolites are described.
