- MeSH
- analýza krevních plynů MeSH
- hypoxie diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- respirační insuficience * diagnóza epidemiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- resuscitace metody MeSH
- sepse * etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- umělé dýchání klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vyhodnocení orgánové dysfunkce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) has a poor prognosis despite surgical removal and adjuvant therapy. Additionally, the effects of postoperative analgesia with morphine and piritramide on survival among PDAC patients are unknown, as are their interactions with opioid/cannabinoid receptor gene expressions in PDAC tissue. Cancer-specific survival data for 71 PDAC patients who underwent radical surgery followed by postoperative analgesia with morphine (n = 48) or piritramide (n = 23) were therefore analyzed in conjunction with opioid/cannabinoid receptor gene expressions in the patients' tumors. Receptor gene expressions were determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients receiving morphine had significantly longer cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those receiving piritramide postoperative analgesia (median 22.4 vs. 15 months; p = 0.038). This finding was supported by multivariate modelling (p < 0.001). The morphine and piritramide groups had similar morphine equipotent doses, receptor expression, and baseline characteristics. The opioid/cannabinoid receptor gene expression was analyzed in a group of 130 pancreatic cancer patients. Of the studied receptors, high cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR) gene expressions have a positive influence on the length of overall survival (OS; p = 0.029, resp. p = 0.01). Conversely, high delta opioid receptor gene expression shortened OS (p = 0.043). Multivariate modelling indicated that high CB2 and OGFR expression improved OS (HR = 0.538, p = 0.011, resp. HR = 0.435, p = 0.001), while high OPRD receptor expression shortened OS (HR = 2.264, p = 0.002). Morphine analgesia, CB2, and OGFR cancer tissue gene expression thus improved CSS resp. OS after radical PDAC surgery, whereas delta opioid receptor expression shortened OS.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Výkony v dutině břišní jsou spojeny obvykle s intenzivní pooperační bolestí. Kvalitní analgezie zkracuje hospitalizaci pacienta, snižuje náklady na léčbu i redukuje pooperační komplikace. V průběhu operačních výkonů je metodou volby kontinuální epidurální analgezie se směsí lokálního anestetika a opioidu. Pokud tato není možná, je indikována multimodální analgezie s kombinací silného opioidu, neopioidních analgetik a případně nitrožilní infuze lidokainu. V pooperačním období je opět vhodnou metodou kontinuální epidurální analgezie, i pacientem řízená. Ostatní možnosti zahrnují nitrožilní pacientem řízenou analgezii se silnými opioidy, kombinaci opioidů a neopioidních analgetik a multimodální neopioidní analgezii, kde se uplatňují paracetamol, metamizol, nesteroidní antiflogistika a selektivní inhibitory cyklooxygenázy 2. Systémová analgezie může být suplementována i technikami regionálních blokád břišní stěny, jako jsou rectus sheath blok, transversus abdominis plane blok, erector spinae blok nebo kontinuální infiltrace podkoží.
Surgical procedures inside the abdominal cavity are usually associated with intensive postoperative pain. Good-quality analgesia shortens the length of hospital stay, decreases the costs of treatment, and reduces postoperative complications. Continuous epidural analgesia with the mixture of local anesthetics and opioids remains the method of choice during surgical procedures. If this method is not feasible, multimodal analgesia with a combination of strong opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and eventually intravenous infusion of lidocaine is indicated. During the postoperative period, continuous epidural analgesia, even patient-controlled is a suitable method of pain relief. Other options include intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with strong opioids, a combination of opioids and non-opioid analgesics, or multimodal non-opioid analgesia, where paracetamol, metamizole, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2 may be employed. Systemic analgesia may be supplemented also with the techniques of abdominal wall regional blockades, such as rectus sheath block, transversus abdominis plane block, erector spinae block, or continuous wound infiltration.
- Klíčová slova
- protokol ERAS, protokol PROSPECT,
- MeSH
- analgetika aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- analgezie metody MeSH
- anestetika lokální aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- břišní stěna inervace MeSH
- inhibitory cyklooxygenasy 2 terapeutické užití MeSH
- kolorektální chirurgie rehabilitace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační bolest * farmakoterapie MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Opioids and epidural analgesia are a mainstay of perioperative analgesia but their influence on cancer recurrence remains unclear. Based on retrospective data, we found that cancer recurrence following colorectal cancer surgery correlates with the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the early postoperative period. Also, morphine- but not piritramide-based postoperative analgesia increases the presence of CTCs and shortens cancer-specific survival. The influence of epidural analgesia on CTCs has not been studied yet. METHODS: We intend to enroll 120 patients in four centers in this prospective randomized controlled trial. The study protocol has been approved by Ethics Committees in all participating centers. Patients undergoing radical open colorectal cancer surgery are randomized into epidural, morphine, and piritramide groups for perioperative analgesia. The primary outcome is the difference in the number of CTCs in the peripheral blood before surgery, on the second postoperative day, and 2-4 weeks after surgery. The number of CTCs is measured using molecular biology methods. Perioperative care is standardized, and relevant data is recorded. A secondary outcome, if feasible, would be the expression and activity of various receptor subtypes in cancer tissue. We intend to perform a 5-year follow-up with regard to metastasis development. DISCUSSION: The mode of perioperative analgesia favorably affecting cancer recurrence would decrease morbidity/mortality. To identify such techniques, trials with long-term follow-up periods seem suboptimal. Given complex oncological therapeutic strategies, such trials likely disable the separation of perioperative analgesia effects from other factors. We believe that early postoperative CTCs presence/dynamics may serve as a sensitive marker of various perioperative interventions ́ influences on cancer recurrence. Importantly, it is unbiased to the influence of long-term factors and minimally invasive. Analysis of opioid/cannabinoid receptor subtypes in cancer tissue would improve understanding of underlying mechanisms and promote personalization of treatment. We are not aware of any similar ongoing studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03700411, registration date: October 3, 2018. STUDY STATUS: recruiting.
- MeSH
- epidurální analgezie * MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
- morfin MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- nádorové cirkulující buňky * MeSH
- opioidní analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- protokol klinické studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival of only 21%. Reliable prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are needed to improve NSCLC patient stratification, particularly in curative disease stages. Since the endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in both carcinogenesis and anticancer immune defense, we hypothesized that tumor tissue expression of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2) may affect survival. METHODS: Tumor tissue samples collected from 100 NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery were analyzed for CB1 and CB2 gene and protein expression using the quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The gene and protein expression data were correlated with disease stage, histology, tumor grading, application of chemotherapy, and survival. Additional paired tumor and normal tissue samples of 10 NSCLC patients were analyzed independently for comparative analysis of CB1 and CB2 gene expression. RESULTS: Patients with tumors expressing the CB2 gene had significantly longer overall survival (OS) (P<0.001), cancer specific survival (CSS) (P=0.002), and disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001). They also presented with fewer lymph node metastases at the time of surgery (P=0.011). A multivariate analysis identified CB2 tumor tissue gene expression as a positive prognostic factor for CSS [hazard ratio (HR) =0.274; P=0.013] and DFS (HR =0.322; P=0.009), and increased CSS. High CB2 gene and protein expression were detected in 79.6% and 31.5% of the tested tumor tissue samples, respectively. Neither CB1 gene nor CB1 or CB2 protein expression affected survival. When comparing paired tumor and tumor-free lung tissue samples, we observed reduced CB1 (P=0.008) and CB1 (P=0.056) gene expression in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS: In NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery, expression of the CB1 and CB2 receptor genes is significantly decreased in neoplastic versus tumor-free lung tissue. CB2 tumor tissue gene expression is strongly associated with longer survival (OS, CSS, DFS) and fewer lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. More studies are needed to evaluate its role as a biomarker in NSCLC and to investigate the potential use of CB2 modulators to treat or prevent lung cancers.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Kaudální blokáda je dlouho známá a dobře prostudovaná technika neuroaxiální anestezie využívaná rutinně v dětské anestezii. V dospělé populaci je její použití méně časté – uplatnění nachází především v algeziologii. Detailnější znalosti anatomie a především nástup ultrazvukové navigace však v posledních letech vedou k hojnějšímu využívání této techniky v perioperační péči také u dospělých. Ultrazvukově navigovaná kaudální blokáda představuje i u této skupiny pacientů jednoduchou, bezpečnou a spolehlivou metodu využitelnou jak v anestezii, tak v léčbě akutní pooperační bolesti. V přehledovém článku jsou popsány anatomické aspekty kaudální blokády, technika provedení se zaměřením na ultrazvukovou navigaci a možnosti využití v perioperační péči u dospělých.
Caudal block is a well-known and thoroughly studied technique of neuraxial anaesthesia routinely performed in paediatric anaesthesia. In adults, however, this method has been used mostly in chronic pain management. Due to more detailed understanding of anatomy and the routine use of ultrasound guidance, caudal block has recently been reintroduced into perioperative care in adults. It is now considered a simple, safe and reliable technique for both anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia in this group of patients. This review describes the anatomy and technical aspects with a focus on ultrasound guidance as well as suitable applications of this block in the perioperative setting in adults.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidurální prostor anatomie a histologie účinky léků MeSH
- intervenční ultrasonografie MeSH
- kaudální anestezie * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lumbosakrální krajina anatomie a histologie MeSH
- nervová blokáda metody MeSH
- perioperační péče * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů * MeSH
- nádory chirurgie MeSH
- opioidní analgetika * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- perioperační období MeSH
- pooperační období MeSH
- receptory opiátové fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- reziduální nádor * patofyziologie MeSH
- transcelulární migrace buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
