Pružnosť ciev je významným rizikovým faktorom kardiovaskulárnych ochorení (KVO), ktoré sú najčastejšou príčinou úmrtí v rozvinutých krajinách. Na základe merania pružnosti ciev obyvateľov zásobovaných mäkkou pitnou vodou (100 respondentov) a tvrdou pitnou vodou (100 respondentov) bol zistený výrazný rozdiel v rýchlosti pulznej vlny (PWVao), arteriálneho veku a v rozdieli medzi arteriálnym a skutočným vekom (∆ vek). U respondentov, ktorí konzumovali mäkkú pitnú vodu, bola PWVao o 1,9 m.s−1 vyššia, arteriálny vek o 23,2 rokov vyšší a ∆ vek o 14,5 roka vyšší. Respondentom pôvodne konzumujúcim mäkkú pitnú vodu bol obsah Ca a Mg v pitnej vode zvýšený o približne 10–15 mg.l−1. Po 18 mesiacoch konzumácie obohatenej pitnej vody so zvýšeným obsahom Ca a Mg sa respondentom pôvodne konzumujúcim mäkkú pitnú vodu PWVao znížila o 0,93 m.s−1, arteriálny vek sa znížil o 10,42 roka a ∆ vek sa znížil o 11,79 roka. Veľmi výrazne sa im tak znížilo riziko vzniku KVO.
Arterial stiffness is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the most common cause of death in developed countries. Based on measurements of arterial stiffness in inhabitants supplied with soft drinking water (100 respondents) and hard drinking water (100 respondents), a significant difference in pulse wave velocity (PWVao), arterial age, and the difference between arterial and actual age (Δ age) was found. In the respondents consuming soft drinking water, PWVao was 1.9 m.s-1 higher, arterial age was 23 years higher, and Δ age was 14.5 years higher. The respondents originally consuming soft drinking water, had the content of Ca and Mg in their water increased by approximately 10-15 mg.l-1. After 18 months of consuming enriched drinking water with increased Ca and Mg content, PWVao in the respondents originally consuming soft drinking water decreased by 0.93 m.s-1, arterial age decreased by 10.42 years, and Δ age decreased by 11.79 years. Their risk of developing CVD thus decreased significantly.
- MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pitná voda * analýza MeSH
- tuhost cévní stěny MeSH
- vápník dietní MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The US EPA health risk assessment method is currently widely used to assess human health risks for many environmental constituents. It is used for risk assessment from the exposure to various contaminants exceeding tolerable or safe reference doses, determined e.g., for drinking water, soil, air and food. It accepts widely that excess contents of non-essential elements (e.g., As, Pb or Sb) in environmental compartments represent a general risk to human health. However, contrary to toxic trace elements, deficient contents of essential (biogenic) elements e.g., F, I, Se, Zn, Fe, Ca or Mg may represent even higher health risk. Therefore, we propose to extend the human health risk assessment by calculating the health risk for deficient content and intake of essential elements, and to introduce the terms Average Daily Missing Dose (ADMD), Average Daily Required Dose (ADRD) and Average Daily Accepted Dose (ADAD). We propose the following equation to calculate the Hazard Quotient (HQ) of health risk from deficient elements: HQd = ADRD/ADAD. At present, there are no reference concentrations or doses of essential elements in each environmental compartment in world databases (Integrated Risk Information System IRIS, The Risk Assessment Information System RAIS). ADRD and ADMD can be derived from different regulatory standards or guidelines (if they exist) or calculated from actual regional data on the state of population health and content of essential elements in the environment, e.g., in groundwater or soil. This methodology was elaborated and tested on inhabitants of the Slovak Republic supplied with soft drinking water with an average Mg content of 5.66 mg·L-1. The calculated ADMD of Mg for these inhabitants is 0.314 mg·kg-1·day-1 and HQd is equal to 2.94, indicating medium risk of chronic diseases. This method extending traditional health risk assessment is the first attempt to quantify deficient content of essential elements in drinking water. It still has some limitations but also has potential to be further developed and refined through its testing in other countries.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza toxicita MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pitná voda * MeSH
- podzemní voda * MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Aims: Impact of potentially toxic elements (PTE) on the health status of population of the Slovak Republic has been studied in two historical mining areas with ore extraction from Middle Ages (the Middle Slovak Neovolcanics, the Slovak Ore Mts.) and one historical mining area with more than hundred years brown coal mining (Upper Nitra region). Methods: The contents of PTE were analysed in groundwater/ drinking water and soils. The health status of resident population was evaluated based on 43 health indicators classified according to the international classi- fication of diseases (ICD, 10th revision), including mainly those indicators characterizing mortality on cardiovascular and oncological diseases. In these areas the health status of population living in municipalities with increased PTE contents (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg and Sb) was compared with that in adjacent municipalities showing low PTE contents.
- MeSH
- chemické znečištění vody analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- geologické jevy MeSH
- geologické sedimenty MeSH
- hornictví * MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci mortalita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory mortalita MeSH
- pitná voda chemie MeSH
- podzemní voda chemie MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- těžba uhlí MeSH
- ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
