Výjimečné kognitivní stárnutí neboli superaging je novou oblastí výzkumu. SuperAgers jsou definováni jako osoby ve věku nejméně 80 let, které mají mladistvou epizodickou paměť. Studií je dosud poskrovnu a velmi málo se ví o jejich životním stylu a volnočasových aktivitách, včetně zapojení do fyzické aktivity, která bývá spojována s lepším zdravím. Cílem projektu je zjistit souvislosti celoživotně fyzicky aktivního životního stylu, objektivní zdatnosti a kognitivního superstárnutí u žen. Jedná se o průřezovou ex-post-facto studii. Tímto představujeme její protokol. Testováno bylo 225 žen ve věku 80–96 let, které uvedly, že jejich zapojení do fyzické aktivity v období mezi 30. a 60. rokem života bylo alespoň na úrovni doporučené Světovou zdravotnickou organizací pro dospělé, tj. alespoň 150 minut aerobní fyzické aktivity střední intenzity týdně. Epizodická paměť byla testována Reyovým testem auditorně verbálního učení, nepaměťovými testy byly Test cesty, Verbální fluence – zvířata a Bostonský test pojmenování – 30položková verze. Ke zmapování předchozích a současných volnočasových aktivit bylo použito několik dotazníků. Objektivní údaje byly získány pomocí Senior Fitness Testu. Uvádíme také srovnávací data z předchozí české studie kognitivně normálních starších osob, NANOK, se kterými budeme náš soubor porovnávat. Konkrétně použijeme dílčí výběr 70 žen ve věku 80–94 let, které byly vybrány ze souboru NANOK na základě stejných kritérií pro zařazení jako do studie COSACTIW. Z nich bylo 23 (32,9 %) SuperAgers. Naše zjištění mohou nabídnout podněty k preventivním strategiím pro úspěšné stárnutí a kognitivní odolnost.

Exceptional cognitive aging, or superaging is a recent area of research. SuperAgers are defined as persons aged at least 80 years who have youthful episodic memory. Studies are scarce and very little is known about their lifestyle and leisure activities including their engagement in physical activity, which is otherwise known to be associated with better health. The project aims to identify associations between a lifelong physically active lifestyle, objective fitness and cognitive superaging in old-old women. COSACTIW is a cross-sectional ex-post-facto study. Herewith, we present its protocol. There were 225 women aged 80-96 years tested who reported that their engagement in physical activity between the ages of 30 to 60 years was at least on the level recommended for adults by the World Health Organization, i.e. at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week. Episodic memory was tested with Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, non-memory tests were Trail Making Test, Verbal fluency – animals, and Boston Naming Test – 30 item version. Several questionnaires were used to map previous and current leisure activities. Objective data were obtained with the Senior Fitness Test. We also present benchmark data from a previous Czech study of cognitively normal older persons, NANOK, to whom we will compare our sample. Specifically, we are going to use a subsample of 70 women, aged 80-94 years, who were selected from the NANOK sample using the same inclusion criteria as in COSACTIW. There were 23 (32.9%) SuperAgers among them. Our findings may offer insights into preventive strategies for successful aging and cognitive resilience.

• MeSH
• axiální spondyloartritida * MeSH
• deprese etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• fyzioterapie (techniky) MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lumbalgie * etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Purpose: In our study, we examined changes in short-term episodic memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in women after an exercise program alone or in combination with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation. Patients and Methods: Fifty-five healthy elderly women (65-80 years) were randomly split into two groups: in the first group were women attending an exercise program while taking wax esters-rich oil (Calanus) supplementation (n = 28) and in the other group were women undergoing the same exercise program while taking placebo (n = 27). The 16-week exercise program consisted of functional circuit training (twice a week) and Nordic walking lessons (once a week). Short-term episodic memory was evaluated by the Czech screening Test "Pojmenování OBrázků A jejich Vybavení" (POBAV) baseline and after the program lasting 16 weeks. Results: Our results show that short-term memory significantly improved following the exercise program, but there was no added value in using n-3 PUFA supplements. BDNF values did not differ between baseline and follow-up in either group. However, there was a statistically significant positive relationship between relative change (%) in the POBAV test and VO2peak in the placebo group (r = 0.49). Conclusion: Despite the added value of n-3 PUFA supplementation not being proven, our results may strengthen the importance of physical activity in averting age-related memory decline and dementia.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• krátkodobá paměť MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor * MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

This aim of this article is to describe up-to-date polices and main classification issues in Paralympic sport with focus on Paralympic swimming. Using narrative review, it determines the influence of recent classification changes by reviewing available research data on how the classification system works and what direction it has taken after January 2018 when the new Classification Manual for swimming was published. It analyzes those changes in Czech Para Swimming Team during 4-year-period leading up to Tokyo Paralympic Games 2020 including 3 major swimming competetions and Paralympic Games itself. The results show the changes directly influenced the performance of Czech para swimmers in mentioned major competetions in a positive way. Czech Para Swimming Team added two more medals and gained more spots for both men and women for Tokyo Paralympic Games 2020 effectively extending relatively small Czech Paralympic Team in Tokyo.

• Klíčová slova
• Paraolympijské hry,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• para sportovci * klasifikace   MeSH
• plavání MeSH
• sporty pro handicapované MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

This study aimed to analyze the changes in postural stability of individuals with obesity after bariatric surgery, and the effect of three months of regular exercise on the static postural stability. Twenty-two subjects (7 females and 15 males) aged 31 to 68 years (Body mass index 35-55 kg.m-2) completed the study. Participants were divided into two groups: one group participated in an exercise program after the bariatric surgery (n = 10; age 48.9 ± 7.5 years; Body mass index 42 ± 5.6 kg.m-2) while the second group did not exercise at all after bariatric surgery (n = 12; age 44.7 ± 13.6 years, Body mass index 42.6 ± 6.0 kg.m-2). Static postural stability was measured using a Tekscan MobileMat pressure plate before and 4 months after the bariatric surgery. The exercise program included exercising three times a week including: one hour of strengthening, one hour of aerobic group exercise and at least one session of individual exercise at home. There were no significant differences in Center of force sway, Center of force ranges and average speed before and 4 months after bariatric surgery. Also, no effect of exercise was found. Post-pre differences of some parameters were negatively related to age (r from-0.46 to-0.72). Further studies are needed to explore this topic in depth.

• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie metody   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyzioterapie (techniky) MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidní obezita chirurgie   MeSH
• obezita patofyziologie   chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of exercise training (ET) with omega-3/Calanus oil supplementation on cardiorespiratory and adiposity parameters in elderly women. Fifty-five women (BMI: 19-37 kg/m2, 62-80 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to the 4 month intervention with ET and omega-3 supplementation (Calanus oil, ET-Calanus) or ET and the placebo (sunflower oil; ET-Placebo). The body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using spiroergometry and PhysioFlow hemodynamic testing. Both interventions resulted in an increased lean mass whereas the fat mass was reduced in the leg and trunk as well as the android and gynoid regions. The content of trunk fat (in percent of the total fat) was lower and the content of the leg fat was higher in the ET-Calanus group compared with the ET-Placebo. Although both interventions resulted in similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), it was explained by an increased peripheral oxygen extraction (a-vO2diff) alone in the ET-Placebo group whereas increased values of both a-vO2diff and maximal cardiac output (COmax) were observed in the ET-Calanus group. Changes in COmax were associated with changes in systemic vascular resistance, circulating free fatty acids, and the omega-3 index. In conclusion, Calanus oil supplementation during a 4 month ET intervention in elderly women improved the cardiorespiratory function, which was due to combined central and peripheral cardiodynamic mechanisms.

• MeSH
• cévní rezistence MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• minutový srdeční výdej MeSH
• plankton chemie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků péče pacientem MeSH
• kosterní svaly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuromuskulární příznaky a symptomy MeSH
• neurorehabilitace MeSH
• para sportovci MeSH
• paraplegie MeSH
• posturální rovnováha MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * rehabilitace   MeSH
• sportovní výkon MeSH
• sporty pro handicapované * MeSH
• strečink MeSH
• tenis MeSH
• tremor MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Background. The main aim of this study was to estimate the effect of physical activities (PA) on cognitive functions (CF) in cognitively impaired older adults divided according to the impairment severity. Methods. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCT). We focused on the effect of exercise on CF in intervention groups and control groups separately in people with cognitive impairment across three levels - borderline intact, mild, and moderate cognitive impairment separately. Results. Data from 40 studies involving 1,780 participants from intervention groups and 1,508 participants from control groups were analyzed. 37.0% of intervention groups presented a statistically significant beneficial effect of PA on CF, while 5% presented a statistically significant harmful effect of PA on CF. 40.0% of the control groups showed a significant decrease in CF. 54.3% interventions had a statistically significant beneficial effect (Hedges’ g > 0). However, there was a great variability between the studies in terms of exercise program description and cognitive impairment of the subjects. Conclusions. Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairment. The positive effect is stronger in people with a mild level of cognitive impairment.

• MeSH
• demence diagnóza   rehabilitace   MeSH
• kognice klasifikace   MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odporový trénink metody   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• testy pro posouzení mentálních funkcí a demence statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH