- MeSH
- játra anatomie a histologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnóza MeSH
- nádory jater diagnóza sekundární MeSH
- nádory příušní žlázy * diagnóza MeSH
- pleomorfní adenom * diagnóza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- játra anatomie a histologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnóza MeSH
- nádory jater diagnóza sekundární MeSH
- nádory příušní žlázy * diagnóza MeSH
- pleomorfní adenom * diagnóza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Oncogenic gene fusions represent attractive targets for therapy of cancer. However, the frequency of actionable genomic rearrangements in colorectal cancer (CRC) is very low, and universal screening for these alterations seems to be impractical and costly. To address this problem, several large scale studies retrospectivelly showed that CRC with gene fusions are highly enriched in groups of tumors defined by MLH1 DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency (MLH1d), and hypermethylation of MLH1 promoter (MLH1ph), and/or the presence of microsatellite instability, and BRAF/KRAS wild-type status (BRAFwt/KRASwt). In this study, we used targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) to explore the occurence of potentially therapeutically targetable gene fusions in an unselected series of BRAFwt/KRASwt CRC cases that displayed MLH1d/MLH1ph. From the initially identified group of 173 MLH1d CRC cases, 141 cases (81.5%) displayed MLH1ph. BRAFwt/RASwt genotype was confirmed in 23 of 141 (~16%) of MLH1d/MLH1ph cases. Targeted NGS of these 23 cases identified oncogenic gene fusions in nine patients (39.1%; CI95: 20.5%-61.2%). Detected fusions involved NTRK (four cases), ALK (two cases), and BRAF genes (three cases). As a secondary outcome of NGS testing, we identified PIK3K-AKT-mTOR pathway alterations in two CRC cases, which displayed PIK3CA mutation. Altogether, 11 of 23 (~48%) MLH1d/MLH1ph/BRAFwt/RASwt tumors showed genetic alterations that could induce resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Our study confirms that targeted NGS of MLH1d/MLH1ph and BRAFwt/RASwt CRCs could be a cost-effective strategy in detecting patients with potentially druggable oncogenic kinase fusions.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom diagnóza genetika MeSH
- anaplastická lymfomová kináza genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika MeSH
- genetické testování metody normy MeSH
- kolorektální nádory diagnóza genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace DNA MeSH
- MutL homolog 1 nedostatek genetika MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny B-raf genetika MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tyrosinkinasové receptory genetika MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Zavedení systému depistáže Lynchova syndromu na pracovištích patologie v Plzni vedlo v letech 2013-2016 k diagnóze 24 případů, z toho 20 prezentujících se kolorektálním karcinomem. V 8 z těchto 24 případů byly detekovány germinální mutace MMR genů, které předtím nebyly v databázích evidovány jako patogenní. V celkovém souhrnu byla sice četnost Lynchova syndromu u pacientů s kolorektálním karcinomem pouze 0,34 %, po zavedení systému univerzálního imunohistochemického vyšetřování exprese MMR (mismatch repair) proteinů ve všech kolorektálních karcinomech diagnostikovaných v Šiklově ústavu patologie však četnost případů Lynchova syndromu za rok na tomto pracovišti dosáhla až 2,4 %. Naše výsledky svědčí ve prospěch univerzálního imunohistochemického screeningu Lynchova syndromu v případech kolorektálního a endometriálního karcinomu oproti výběrovým depistážním metodám založeným především na klinických, méně i morfologických znacích. Vyšší efektivita univerzálního screeningu nespočívá pouze ve vyšší senzitivitě imunohistochemického vyšetření, ale i v možné automatizaci procesu a tím zvýšení adherence k depistáži i patologů přímo nezainteresovaných v managementu Lynchova syndromu. Plošné zavedení národního univerzálního depistážního systému však vyžaduje podporu ze strany státní správy a zdravotních pojišťoven.
The introduction of a screening system for Lynch syndrome in pathology laboratories in Plzen yielded 24 diagnoses of Lynch syndrome during the period of 2013-2016, 20 of them presenting with colorectal cancer. In 8 of those 24 cases germline mutations of MMR genes, previously not recognized as pathogenic with certainty, were detected. Although the frequency of Lynch syndrome in patients with colorectal cancer was only 0.34 % in total, following introduction of the universal immunohistochemical investigation of MMR (mismatch repair) proteins expression in all colorectal cancers examined in Sikl's Institute of Pathology the frequency per year in this department reached 2.4 %. The results favor universal immunohistochemical screening for Lynch syndrome in colorectal and endometrial cancer cases over a selective approach based on a combination of clinical and morphological criteria. Increased effectiveness of the universal approach is not brought about only by higher sensitivity of the immunohistochemical examination per se, but also by the possibility of automation of the process leading to increased adherence even of pathologists not directly engaged in Lynch syndrome management. However, the introduction of a nation-wide universal screening system requires support from the government and health insurance companies.
- MeSH
- dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory * genetika MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kolorektální nádory diagnóza genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádory endometria genetika MeSH
- oprava chybného párování bází DNA MeSH
- plošný screening * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The study presents tracking of 58 pesticide residues associated with hops to estimate their carryover into brewed beer. The pesticides were spiked onto organic hops at a concentration of 15 mg/kg, and the wort was boiled with the artificially contaminated hops and fermented on a laboratory scale. Samples were collected during the whole brewing process and pesticide residues were extracted using a method known as QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe). An HPLC-HR-MS/MS method was developed and validated to identify and quantitate pesticide residues in treated hops, spent hops, hopped wort, green beer, and beer samples. Quantitation was achieved using standard addition with isotopically labeled standards. The carryover percentages into hopped wort and the percentages of decay reduction relative to the amount spiked on hops were calculated. The relationship between the partition coefficients n-octanol-water (log P values) and the residual ratios ( RW and RB) of a pesticide were evaluated to predict their behavior during hopping of wort and fermentation. Pesticides with a high log P values (>3.75) tended to remain in spent hops. The pesticides that have a low log P value up to approximately 3 could represent the demarcation lines of appreciable transfer rate of pesticides from hops to beer. Consequently, the pesticides were divided into three categories depending upon their fate during the brewing process. The most potential risk category represents a group involving the thermostable pesticides, such as azoxystrobin, boscalid, dimethomorph, flonicamid, imidacloprid, mandipropamid, myclobutanil, and thiamethoxam, which were transferred at high rates from the pesticide enriched hops into beer during the laboratory brewing trial. These results can be used as a guideline in the application of pesticides on hop plants that would reduce the level of pesticide residues in beer and their exposure in humans.
Emperipolesis has recently been described as a constant feature of "biphasic squamoid" papillary renal cell carcinoma (BPRCC). We also noticed this in some high-grade (HG) RCC, which promoted the present study to estimate the incidence of emperipolesis in RCCs and to describe them in further detail. 14 cases of HGRCC showing emperipolesis were retrieved from our registry. Microscopic examination of filed slides was supplemented with immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic analyses using paraffin embedded tissue. 12 of 14 patients were males with a mean age of 58.6 years (range 41-72 years). Tumor size ranged from 6-16.5 cm (mean of 8.8 cm). Follow up data were available for 8/14 patients (range 0.5-10 years). Metastases were documented in 6 cases. All tumors showed solid-alveolar growth patterns with focal pseudopapillary features, and were composed of large cells with bizarre nuclei and eosinophilic rhabdoid-like cytoplasm. Emperipolesis was a constant and prominent feature in large bizarre cells. All cases were positive for OSCAR, CANH 9, vimentin, cyclin D1, INI-1, and myoD1, while negative for melanocytic markers, CK 7, myoglobin, cathepsin K, and TFE3. VHL gene abnormalities were found in 6/9 analyzable cases, of which 2 demonstrated polysomy of chromosomes 7, 17. Emperipolesis is a rare histomorphologic feature which can be seen not only in BPRCCs but also in highgrade CCRCCs. All RCC cases with prominent emperipolesis fulfilled both morphologic and immunohistochemical diagnostic criteria of high-grade CCRCC. The majority of patients with available follow up information developed metastases.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emperipoléza * MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk genetika patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza MeSH
- nádory ledvin genetika patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIM: Our research focused on the antimicrobial effects of purified hop (Humulus lupulus L.) fractions including α-bitter acids (humulones), β-bitter acids (lupulones) and xanthohumol, and a commercial CO2 hop extract of bitter acids against reference and multi-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against selected yeast strains. METHODS: In vitro testing of antimicrobial activity was performed according to standard testing protocols (EUCAST). The effects of hop extracts on bacterial/yeast strains at concentrations below MICs were also determined and the antimicrobial potential of hop extracts was compared with selected antibiotics using optical density measurement. RESULTS: The fractions were effective not only against reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria but, more importantly, against their methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant variants. No antimicrobial effect was detected against Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among the tested substances, xanthohumol was identified as the hop fraction with the most potent antimicrobial properties. It was also found that hop substances exerted their antimicrobial effects at concentrations considerably lower than the determined MICs, with the strongest effect in case of α-bitter acids in enterococci. CONCLUSION: The search for and research of new compounds with antimicrobial properties represents a possible solution to the current global problem of bacterial resistance. Our data suggest a desirable activity of hop fractions against some multi-resistant bacterial strains. Thus, hops might find use as a source of potential antimicrobial agents applicable in both human and veterinary medicine.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie * účinky léků MeSH
- Humulus * chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We have studied a cohort of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with smooth-muscle stroma (N=6), which lacked any of following genetic aberrations: mutations in the VHL-gene-coding sequence, loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 3p, or hypermethylation of VHL. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, no intronic VHL mutations or mutations in selected genes involved in angiogenesis and genes frequently mutated in clear cell RCC were identified. Tumors were also tested for the presence of hotspot mutations in the TCEB1 gene with negative results in all cases. We conclude that there exists a group of RCCs with abundant leiomyomatous stroma, where the epithelial component is indistinguishable from conventional clear cell RCC and distinct from clear cell (tubulo-) papillary RCC and that these tumors lack aberrations related to the function of the VHL gene, mutations in genes involved in angiogenesis, and hotspot mutations in the TCEB1 gene.
- MeSH
- genetické testování MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk genetika MeSH
- leiomyosarkom genetika patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein VHL genetika MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
