• Klíčová slova
• abdominální katastrofa,
• MeSH
• břišní dutina * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• CT angiografie MeSH
• diagnostické zobrazování * metody   MeSH
• intervenční radiografie klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Úvod: Screening kolorektálního karcinomu, který byl v České republice zaveden v roce 2000, hraje důležitou roli v redukci populační zátěže. Organizovaný populační program je nutné průběžně hodnotit a reagovat na něj nezbytnými opatřeními, jen tak je možné zajistit jeho vysokou efektivitu, která z dlouhodobého hlediska vede ke snížení incidence a mortality daného onemocnění. Cílem sdělení je shrnutí a diskuze klíčových výsledků evaluace Národního programu screeningu kolorektálního karcinomu na základě dostupných celonárodních dat. Materiál a metody: Pro evaluaci byly využity registry Národního zdravotnického informačního systému, Registr preventivních koloskopií a demografická data spravovaná Českým statistickým úřadem. Analýza byla provedena na dostupných datech do roku 2021, základní indikátory byly vypočteny v souladu s mezinárodními doporučeními, která byla adaptována pro české prostředí. Výsledky: Řada indikátorů výkonnosti kolorektálního screeningu dokládá negativní dopad pandemie covidu-19 v letech 2020 a 2021. Pokrytí cílové populace screeningovým vyšetřením se před pandemií ustálilo na úrovni přibližně 30 %. Ve 3letém intervalu dosahuje úplné pokrytí cílové populace vyšetřeními hodnot okolo 50 %. Míra účasti na navazující koloskopii po pozitivním screeningovém testu na okultní krvácení do stolice (TOKS) se v čase pohybovala mezi 60 a 70 %. V rámci indikátoru pozitivita screeningového TOKS došlo v posledních letech ke zvýšení pozitivity až na úroveň 10 %, což se projevilo i na nárůstu průměrné čekací doby na navazující TOKS+ koloskopii. I přes identifikované rezervy screeningového programu dochází dlouhodobě ke zřetelnému poklesu incidence i mortality kolorektálního karcinomu. Závěr: Komplexní informační podpora screeningových programů je předpokladem pro důkladnou evaluaci kolorektálního screeningu. Z vyhodnocených indikátorů vyplývá, že i přes pozitivní dopad screeningového programu na populační zátěž má stále své rezervy, a proto je nezbytně nutné pokračovat v jeho monitoringu s cílem zvyšování kvality celého programu.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer screening, which was introduced in the Czech Republic in 2000, plays an important role in reducing the population burden. It is necessary to continuously evaluate the organised population-based program and introduce necessary adjustments to ensure its high effectiveness, which in the long term leads to a reduction in the incidence and mortality of the disease. The aim of this article is to summarise and discuss the key results of the evaluation of the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program based on available national data. Material and methods: The evaluation used the registries of the National Health Information System, the Registry of Preventive Colonoscopies, and data on population demographics managed by the Czech Statistical Office. The analysis was carried out on available data up to 2021. Basic indicators were calculated in accordance with international recommendations, which were adapted for the Czech environment. Results: A number of performance indicators for colorectal screening demonstrate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Coverage of the target population by screening has stabilised at around 30% before the pandemic. Considering a three-year interval, the full coverage of the target population by screening reaches around 50%. Participation rates for follow-up colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening ranged between 60 and 70% over time. FOBT screening positivity increased in the recent years up to 10%, which is reflected in the increase in the average waiting time for follow-up FOBT+ colonoscopy. Despite the identified limitations of the screening program, there has been a clear long-term decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Conclusion: The comprehensive screening information system enables the evaluation of colorectal screening. The evaluated indicators show that despite the positive impact of the screening program on the population burden, it still has its opportunities for improvement, and therefore it is essential to continue its monitoring in order to improve the quality of the whole program.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
• kolonoskopie metody   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• okultní krev MeSH
• plošný screening metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• MeSH
• bezvědomí ošetřování   patologie   MeSH
• epistaxe * ošetřování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posouzení stavu pacienta * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the undeniable ongoing development of cross-sectional imaging methods, not all focal liver lesions (FLLs) have a typical pattern. An image-guided biopsy using a percutaneous approach might safely provide a final histological diagnosis of the FLLs. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, complication rate, technical features, and relationships between the followed parameters of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsies of FLLs using a retrospective approach. METHODS: 303 percutaneous biopsy procedures in 295 patients were carried out in patients with suspected or indeterminate FLLs over a 10-year period. The median size of the tumors was 44 mm (15 - 144 mm). Median age of patients was 67 years (25 to 87 years). Skin-to-lesion distance was variable, from 30 mm to 138 mm (median length 59 mm). In 200 procedures (66%) malignant disease was known from the patients ́ clinical history. RESULTS: In 288 biopsies (95%) the results were true positive or true negative; 15 procedures (4.95%) resulted in a histologically false negative and had to be confirmed using other approaches. Metastatic disease to hepatic parenchyma of various origins was the most frequent histological diagnosis (55.4%). Cholangiocarcinoma was the most common individual result (13.5%). In total 14 complications (4.6%) were confirmed, 4 of which were severe haemorrhages that needed angiographic treatment and in one case surgical revision. The mortality rate in our group was 0.3%. A statistically significant relationship between lesion size and diagnostic accuracy (p < 0.01) was revealed. The use of a 16 G needle calibre and at least two samples were suitable for hypo- and hypervascular lesions without a significant increase in the complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: Core needle biopsy using a percutaneous approach and a CT-guidance performed on patients with indetermined FLLs had a high overall accuracy in determining the final histological diagnosis including subtyping. Concurrently, the complication incidence was low.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory jater * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ultrazvukem navigovaná biopsie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: Specify the risk rate of incorrect patient classification based on the night-to-day ratio specification from singular 24-h ABPM in comparison to the results of 7-day ABPM monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1197 24 h cycles were enrolled in 171 subjects in the study and divided into 4 groups: group 1 (40 healthy men and women without exercise), group 2 (40 healthy exercise-training men and women), group 3 (40 patients with ischemic coronary artery disease without exercise), and group 4 (51 patients with ischemic coronary artery disease following cardiovascular rehabilitation). The subject of the evaluation was the percentage rate of incorrect subject classification (dipper, nondipper, extreme dipper, and riser) based on the mean blood pressure values for 7 days and from seven independent 24-hour cycles (the mean value mode). RESULTS: In the case of the individuals included in the monitored groups, the mean night-to-day ratio-based (mode for the 7 days versus the individual days of 24-hour monitoring) classification accordance ranged between 59% and 62%. Only in singular cases did the accordance reach 0% or 100%. The accordance size was not dependent on the health or cardiovascular disease (p < 0.594; 56% vs. 54%) or physical activity (p < 0.833; 55% vs. 54%) of the monitored individuals. CONCLUSION: The specification of the night-to-day ratio of each individual for each day of the 7-day ABPM monitoring would be the most convenient option. In many patients, diagnosing could thus be based on the most frequently occurring values (mode specification).

• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku metody   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   MeSH
• hypertenze * diagnóza   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The sympatric occurrence of closely related lineages displaying conserved morphological and ecological traits is often characteristic of free-living microbes. Gene flow, recombination, selection, and mutations govern the genetic variability between these cryptic lineages and drive their differentiation. However, sequencing conservative molecular markers (e.g., 16S rRNA) coupled with insufficient population-level sampling hindered the study of intra-species genetic diversity and speciation in cyanobacteria. We used phylogenomics and a population genomic approach to investigate the extent of local genomic diversity and the mechanisms underlying sympatric speciation of Laspinema thermale. We found two cryptic lineages of Laspinema. The lineages were highly genetically diverse, with recombination occurring more frequently within than between them. That suggests the existence of a barrier to gene flow, which further maintains divergence. Genomic regions of high population differentiation harbored genes associated with possible adaptations to high/low light conditions and stress stimuli, although with a weak diversifying selection. Overall, the diversification of Laspinema species might have been affected by both genomic and ecological processes.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A novel method for semiautomated assessment of directions of collagen fibers in soft tissues using histological image analysis is presented. It is based on multiple rotated images obtained via polarized light microscopy without any additional components, i.e., with just two polarizers being either perpendicular or nonperpendicular (rotated). This arrangement breaks the limitation of 90° periodicity of polarized light intensity and evaluates the in-plane fiber orientation over the whole 180° range accurately and quickly. After having verified the method, we used histological specimens of porcine Achilles tendon and aorta to validate the proposed algorithm and to lower the number of rotated images needed for evaluation. Our algorithm is capable to analyze 5·105 pixels in one micrograph in a few seconds and is thus a powerful and cheap tool promising a broad application in detection of collagen fiber distribution in soft tissues.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha metabolismus   MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• extracelulární matrix metabolismus   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• optické zobrazování metody   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• polarizační mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mezenteriální ischemie patří mezi onemocnění cévního systému, které má i přes rozvoj moderní medicíny stále vysokou morbiditu a mortalitu. Základní vyšetřovací metodou při podezření na mezenteriální ischemii je dnes výpočetní tomografie. Dlouhodobé zkušenosti s endovaskulární léčbou přinesly důkazy jejího správného použití a indikací, a ovlivnily tak doporučené postupy. Moderní léčba mezenteriální ischemie je založena na hybridním přístupu a kombinací chirurgických a endovaskulárních technik.

Mesenteric ischemia is one of the diseases of the vascular system which, despite the development of modern medicine, still has high morbidity and mortality. The current primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of suspected mesenteric ischemia is computed tomography. Long-term experience with endovascular therapy has provided evidence of its use and indications and thus influenced the guidelines of mesenteric ischemia treatment. Modern treatment of mesenteric ischemia is based on a hybrid approach and a combination of surgical and endovascular techniques.

To evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, complication rate, technical features, and relations among followed parameters of CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of the pelvic lesions. 140 biopsies in 136 patients for tumors, sizes 17-160 mm in largest diameter, were carried out in patients with probable tumorous pelvic process within ten years period. The patients were women in 77 cases and men in 59 cases, aged 21 to 87 years. The lesions ́ size varied from 17 mm to 160 mm in largest diameter. In 135 biopsies (96.4%) results were true positive or true negative; only 5 procedures (3.6%) were histologically false negative and had to be verified surgically. Metastatic affection was the most common diagnosis (26.4%). Lymphomas were diagnosed in 25%; serous adenocarcinoma of ovary or uterine tube was verified in 15.7% of cases. Totally 7 complications (5%) were confirmed, all were minor hemorrhages. A statistically significant relation between the complication rate and hypervascular character (p = 0.00004), and between needle gauge and histological accuracy (p = 0.00429) was revealed. Core needle biopsy using percutaneous approach and CT guidance had a high overall accuracy in determining the final histological diagnosis including subtyping. Concurrently, the complication incidence was low.

• MeSH
• biopsie dutou jehlou metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pánev * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ultrazvukem navigovaná biopsie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH