The mudskipper Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816), (Gobiidae) are caught throughout the year and they are considered as most edible mudskipper species in Sundarbans. They are targeted by special gears and sold live in large quantities in the local markets of Diamond Harbor, Namkhana and Kakdweep. The adult P. elongatus (14-18 cm total length) specimens were purchased from the Diamond Harbor landing center for evaluation of its biochemical components such as Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, and minerals. The percentage composition of protein was high (27.34%) followed by the carbohydrate (4.57%) and lipid (2.72%). The amino acids both essential (47.72%) and non-essential (42.91%) was found adequate. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found the maximum (31.55%) followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA; 27.66%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 19.55%). Vitamin A (112.5 IU/100 g) and Ca2+ (62.2 mg/100 g) were found maximum levels. The present finding supports that P. elongatus is valuable for human consumption due to its high-quality protein with well-balanced amino acids.
- MeSH
- dietní sacharidy analýza MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené analýza MeSH
- lipidy analýza MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- nutriční hodnota * MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza MeSH
- potravní rybí proteiny analýza MeSH
- ryby * MeSH
- vitaminy analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pesticides can enter aquatic environments potentially affecting non-target organisms. Unfortunately, the effects of such substances are still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of the active neonicotinoid substance thiacloprid (TH) and the commercial product Calypso 480 SC (CA) (active compound 40.4% TH) on Mytilus galloprovincialis after short-term exposure to sublethal concentrations. Mussels were tested for seven days to 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1 TH and 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1 CA. For this purpose, several parameters, such as cell viability of haemocytes and digestive cells, biochemical haemolymph features, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity of gills and digestive gland, as well as histology of such tissues were analysed. The sublethal concentrations of both substances lead to abatement or completely stopping the byssal fibres creation. Biochemical analysis of haemolymph showed significant changes (P < 0.01) in electrolytes ions (Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, S-phosphor), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity and glucose concentration following exposure to both substances. The TH-exposed mussels showed significant imbalance (P < 0.05) in CAT activity in digestive gland and gills. CA caused significant decrease (P < 0.05) in SOD activity in gills and in CAT activity in both tissues. Results of histological analyses showed severe damage in both digestive gland and gills in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This study provides useful information about the acute toxicity of a neonicotinoid compound and a commercial insecticide on mussels. Nevertheless, considering that neonicotinoids are still widely used and that mussels are very important species for marine environment and human consumption, further researches are needed to better comprehend the potential risk posed by such compounds to aquatic non-target species.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- hemocyty účinky léků MeSH
- hemolymfa účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- Mytilus účinky léků MeSH
- neonikotinoidy toxicita MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- thiaziny toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- žábry účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Triazine herbicide atrazine is considered to be moderately toxic to various aquatic animals. The aim of our study was to evaluate the acute embryotoxicity of atrazine and its two degradation products, desisopropylatrazine and desethylatrazine, and their mixture to the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by means of a modified method of the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test - OECD guideline 236. Toxic effects were studied by the evaluation of lethal endpoints and development of disorders. Furthermore, sublethal endpoints such as hatching rate, formation of somites, development of eyes, spontaneous movement, heartbeat, blood circulation, pigmentation and occurrence of edema at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post fertilization were assessed. Newly fertilized eggs were exposed to various concentrations of atrazine, desisopropylatrazine and desethylatrazine, and their combination 0.3, 30, 100, 300, 1000, 3,000 and 10,000 μg/l, which represent environmentally relevant levels of these pollutants in surface waters and multiples of these concentrations to find out if the toxic effect depends on dose. Single substances and their combination were not associated with a negative effect on mortality. Rare malformations were observed during these embryonal toxicity tests. Only pericardial edema was recorded during the monitored observation. A significant increase in the occurrence of pericardial edema between the control 0% and the experimental group 17.6 %) was found only in the group exposed to the highest concentration of a triazine herbicide combination (10,000 μg/l) at 72 and 96 h post fertilization. Obtained results indicate that especially higher not environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, its metabolites or their combination present a potencial risk of embryotoxicity for zebrafish.
- MeSH
- atrazin toxicita MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované abnormality MeSH
- edém chemicky indukované MeSH
- embryo nesavčí abnormality MeSH
- embryonální vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- perikard abnormality MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Origanum sp. is a very common genus of aromatic plants worldwide distributed around the Mediterranean area and O. vulgare (oregano) is the most important species of this genus throughout the world. Due the known medicinal properties of oregano, the effect of diets enriched with 0% (control), 0.5% and 1% oregano leaves powder was studied on the growth, immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish fed with oregano 0.5% and 1% enriched diets improved both humoral (IgM and bactericidal activity in skin mucus and protease activity in serum) and cellular (head kidney leucocytes phagocytic ability) immunity at 15 and 30 days. Furthermore, the addition of oregano did not provoke any significant effect neither in the growth promotion nor in the liver antioxidant enzymes activity studied in the serum and skin mucus. The possibility of using O. vulgare as a functional additive to fish diet is discussed.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia fyziologie MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) * MeSH
- fagocytóza MeSH
- hlavová ledvina cytologie imunologie MeSH
- játra MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- mořan zlatý imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- potravní doplňky analýza MeSH
- vodní hospodářství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Increasing production of energy crops in Europe, mainly maize and rapeseed, has altered patterns of pesticide use in recent decades. The long-term effects of S-metolachlor (S-M) and of its metabolite metolachlor OA (M-OA) at the environmentally relevant concentration of 4.2 μg L-1 and at 42 μg L-1 (ten-fold concentration) on marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) were evaluated in a 28-day exposure and after a subsequent 28-day recovery period. Indicators assessed were behaviour; biochemical haemolymph profile; oxidative and antioxidant parameters of gill, hepatopancreas, and muscle; and histology of hepatopancreas and gill. Results showed biochemical haemolymph profile (lactate, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, inorganic phosphate), lipid peroxidation in hepatopancreas, and antioxidant parameters (catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase) of hepatopancreas and gill of crayfish exposed to S-M and M-OA to significantly differ from controls (P < 0.01). Antioxidant biomarker levels remained different from controls after a 28-day recovery period. Differences in behaviour including speed of movement and velocity, and histopathological damage to gill and hepatopancreas were associated with S-M and M-OA exposure and persisted after 28 days in S-M- and M-OA-free water. Results suggest harmful effects of low concentrations of S-M and its metabolite M-OA on non-target organisms and provide information for assessing their effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.
- MeSH
- acetamidy chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- hemolymfa metabolismus MeSH
- hepatopankreas metabolismus MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- severní raci účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
The purpose of our experiment was to evaluate the effect of enrofloxacin on biotransformation, oxidative stress and mRNA expression of related genes in fish as a non-target organisms. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) juveniles were treated with enrofloxacin at concentrations of 5, 10 and 500 μg/L for 14 days. A three-day-long test caused changes of catalytic activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Moreover, lipid peroxidation was observed at the highest concentration. No significant changes either in catalytic activity of antioxidant enzymes or elevated lipid peroxidation were observed from sampling day 7 on. mRNA expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes was also not affected by enrofloxacin after a 14-day exposure. This suggests the ability of D. rerio juveniles to adapt to enrofloxacin in a short time period. Moreover, enrofloxacin was not shown to affect collagen, cathepsin K, optic atrophy 1 and pyruvate kinase L/R mRNA expression in this study.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky toxicita MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované MeSH
- enrofloxacin toxicita MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is an active substance of many herbicides. According to literature studies, glyphosate residues and their metabolites have been commonly detected in surface waters and toxicological reports confirmed negative effects on living organisms. In this study, the acute embryo toxicity of glyphosate into two different fish species-common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio)-was investigated. Lethal endpoints, development disorder, and, in addition, other sublethal endpoints such as hatching rate, formation of somites, and development of eyes, spontaneous movement, heartbeat/blood circulation, pigmentation, and edema were recorded to indicate the mode of action of the toxic compound. Hatching retardation (p < 0.05) was observed in experimental groups of common carp exposed to glyphosate with significant statistical difference especially at the highest concentration after 72, 96, and 120 hpf. The significantly highest cumulative mortality at concentration of 50 mg/l was observed. In contrast, hatching stimulation was observed in embryos of zebrafish exposed to the highest concentration of glyphosate. The significantly highest cumulative mortality for zebrafish was observed only at concentration of 50 mg/l. Based on our results, early life stages of common carp are more sensitive in comparison to zebrafish to the toxic action of glyphosate.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované růst a vývoj MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků MeSH
- embryonální vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- glycin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- kapři růst a vývoj MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pharmaceuticals occur in water bodies as a consequence of their incomplete removal during waste water treatment processes. The occurence of pharmaceuticals in surface waters as well as their possible impact on aquatic vertebrates have received considerable attention in recent years. However, there is still a lack of informations on the chronic effects of widely used drugs as well as their possible mixture toxicity on non-target aquatic vertebrates as well as their possible mixture toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of naproxen sodium on early life stages of fish and evaluate its mixture toxicity with tramadol hydrochloride, which was assessed in our earlier study as a single substance. Two embryo-larval toxicity tests with common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were performed according to the OECD guideline 210 (Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test) in order to assess the subchronic toxicity of naproxen sodium and tramadol hydrochlorid-naproxen sodium mixture at the concentrations of 10; 50; 100 and 200 μg/L. These experiments were conducted for 32 days. The subchronic exposure to naproxen sodium and naproxen sodium and tramadol hydrochloride mixture had a strong effect on the early life stages of common carp. Hatching, developmental rate, morphology, histopathology and, in the case of the naproxen sodium and tramadol hydrochloride mixture, mortality were influenced. The bioindicators of oxidative stress were also influenced. The LOEC was determined at 10 μg/L for both naproxen sodium and naproxen sodium and tramadol hydrochloride mixture.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- kapři růst a vývoj MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- naproxen toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- tramadol toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Despite the fact that pharmaceuticals occur in surface water in low concentrations, they can still have adverse effect on aquatic biota, because these substances are designed to have a specific mode of action even at low concentrations. To our knowledge, only little is known about the long-term effect of tricyclic antidepressant residues on non-target animals, especially fish. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of subchronic exposure to selected tricyclic antidepressants - namely, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and clomipramine and their mixture - on early-life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two embryo-larval toxicity tests with common carp were performed, each taking 30 days. For the experiment, three tricyclic antidepressants as well as their mixtures were tested at three different concentrations - 10, 100 and 500 μg/L. Hatching and mortality were recorded twice a day. In addition, samples were taken at regular intervals in order to record developmental stage, morphometric and condition characteristics and morphological anomalies. At the end of the test, additional samples were taken for histopathological examination and also for the determination of antioxidant and biotransformation enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Long-term exposure resulted in a significant increase in mortality, developmental retardation, morphological anomalies, and pathological changes in brain, heart, and cranial and caudal kidney. In addition, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity as well as increased lipid peroxidation were observed, even at the lowest tested concentrations. Hence, environmentally relevant concentrations of TCAs have the potential to cause harmful effects on early-life stages of fish.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva tricyklická metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků MeSH
- kapři fyziologie MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure of zebrafish to ibuprofen, using selected oxidative stress parameters as a target. DESIGN: Toxicity tests were performed on Danio rerio according to OECD No. 203 and No. 215. In the growth test, fish were exposed to subletal concentrations of ibuprofen (0.0001, 0.05, 1, 8, and 25 mg.L-1) for 28 days. For the assessment of free radical defense in fish, the catalytic activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. RESULTS: Ibuprofen did not affect the activity of glutathione reductase and catalase. A significant (p<0.01) increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase was found, which was proved dose-dependent (10.58 nmol NADPH per min per mg protein in the control and 20.53, 26.36, 26.89, and 45.87 nmol NADPH per min per mg protein in the ibuprofen concentrations of 0.5, 1, 8, and 25 mg.L-1. An increased (p<0.05) activity of glutathione S-transferase in the highest concentration was found compared to control. Malondialdehyde levels were found significantly (p<0.01) decreased from control in the concentrations of 0.0001 and 8 mg.L-1, but no dose-dependence was found. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that ibuprofen causes the increase in the activity of some antioxidative and biotransformation enzymes in zebrafish (GPx and GST). We also found a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in the concentrations of 0.0001 and 8 mg.L-1 compared to control.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní toxicita MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- dánio pruhované * MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- ibuprofen toxicita MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
