The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has magnified the insufficient readiness of humans in dealing with such an unexpected occurrence. During the pandemic, sustainable development goals have been hindered severely. Various observations and lessons have been highlighted to emphasise local impacts on a single region or single sector, whilst the holistic and coupling impacts are rarely investigated. This study overviews the structural changes and spatial heterogeneities of changes in healthcare, energy and environment, and offers perspectives for the in-depth understanding of the COVID-19 impacts on the three sectors, in particular the cross-sections of them. Practical observations are summarised through the broad overview. A novel concept of the healthcare-energy-environment nexus under climate change constraints is proposed and discussed, to illustrate the relationships amongst the three sectors and further analyse the dynamics of the attention to healthcare, energy and environment in view of decision-makers. The society is still on the way to understanding the impacts of the whole episode of COVID-19 on healthcare, energy, environment and beyond. The raised nexus thinking could contribute to understanding the complicated COVID-19 impacts and guiding sustainable future planning.
Waste sorting at the source is a vital strategy of waste management and to improve urban sustainability. If the strategy is implemented by relying solely on publicity and civic awareness, the impact is less significant. Proactive measures, such as policy regulations, supervisory guidance, and stimulating incentives, play essential roles for better management. The unknown waste-dumping behaviour of residents is a great challenge for decision-makers to allocate resources for waste-collection operations and to refine regulations. Traditional behaviour analysis methods such as questionnaire surveys and simulation methods have limitations considering the population size and the complexity of individual behaviour. This study aims to design a data-driven analytical framework to analyse household waste-dumping behaviour and facilitate policy regulations by using the Internet of Things (IoT) and data mining technologies. The analytical framework is further developed into a four-step management cycle. A case study in Shanghai is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytical framework and management cycle. The results of behaviour analyses reveal that (1) waste-dumping frequency is high in the evening but negligible in the early afternoon; (2) compared to working days, peak-value time at weekends occurs later in the morning and earlier in the evening; (3) residents require longer waste-dumping time windows than those empirically recommended by administrators. Managerial insights and decision support based on these research results have been presented for decision-makers to guide operations management and facilitate policy regulations.
- MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * MeSH
- odpadky - odstraňování * MeSH
- skládková zařízení MeSH
- trvale udržitelný růst MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
Cysteine protease is a superfamily of widespread proteolytic enzymes and plays a major role in larval invasion, migration, exsheathing, survival and immune evasion in parasites. In the present study, the gene coding cysteine proteinase of the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into pQE-80L and subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109. The rTsCP was purified and its antigenicity was identified by Western blot and ELISA. Using anti-rTsCP serum the native TsCP was identified in muscle larval crude proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence test demonstrated that the TsCP was expressed in all stages of T. spiralis and located mainly in cuticle, stichosome and reproductive organs. The immunisation of mice with rTsCP elicited Th2-predominant immune responses. Anti-rTsCP antibodies could partially inhibit the in vitro larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and kill the newborn larvae by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 54% reduction of adults and a 33% reduction of muscle larvae following challenge infection. The results suggested that the TsCP might be an indispensable protein in Trichinella invasion, development and survival of T. spiralis in hosts, and could be a potential vaccine target against infection.
- MeSH
- cysteinové proteasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- geneticky modifikované mikroorganismy genetika MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- larva enzymologie genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- proteiny červů genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- Trichinella spiralis enzymologie genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
