Neutrophils are frequently found in the cytological picture of synovial fluid in several joint pathologies, and a higher proportion of them can even wrongly indicate these cases as purulent inflammation. For reliable differentiation between purulent and non-purulent cases, we use the cytological energy analysis of the synovial fluid. Using this method, we examined 350 knee joint synovial fluid samples. Overall, we found that the percentage of neutrophils ranged between 20.0% and 50.0% in 44 (12.6%) cases and was above 50.0% in 231 (66.0%) cases. In the same group, only 85 (24.3%) highly anaerobic synovial fluid samples were evaluated as purulent inflammation, and another 17 (4.9%) cases were evaluated as very likely purulent inflammation. Further, we quantified the immediate risk of purulent inflammation using the "purulent score" (PS). Of the total of 350 samples, 103 (29.4%) cases were classified as having a very high risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 4), 53 (15.1%) cases were classified as having a significant risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 3), 17 (4.9%) cases were classified as having a moderate risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 2), and 75 (21.4%) cases were classified as having no immediate risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 1). Based on our results and analyses, the cytological energy analysis of synovial fluid is an effective method that can be used to detect and specify joint inflammation and the risk of septic arthritis development.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by red pruritic skin lesions, xerosis, ichthyosis, and skin pain. Among the social impacts of atopic dermatitis are difficulties and detachment in relationships and social stigmatization. Additionally, atopic dermatitis is known to cause sleep disturbance, anxiety, hyperactivity, and depression. Although the pathological process behind atopic dermatitis is not fully known, it appears to be a combination of epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Skin is the largest organ of the human body which acts as a mechanical barrier to toxins and UV light and a natural barrier against water loss. Both functions face significant challenges due to atopic dermatitis. The list of factors that can potentially trigger or contribute to atopic dermatitis is extensive, ranging from genetic factors, family history, dietary choices, immune triggers, and environmental factors. Consequently, prevention, early clinical diagnosis, and effective treatment may be the only resolutions to combat this burdensome disease. Ensuring safe and targeted drug delivery to the skin layers, without reaching the systemic circulation is a promising option raised by nano-delivery systems in dermatology. In this review, we explored the current understanding and approaches of atopic dermatitis and outlined a range of the most recent therapeutics and dosage forms brought by nanotechnology. This review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases.
- MeSH
- atopická dermatitida * farmakoterapie MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * MeSH
- kontrolní skupiny MeSH
- leukocyty MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyl MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- T-lymfocyty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to conduct QuantiFERON Monitor (QFM) testing in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which is used to monitor the state of the immune system through the non-specific stimulation of leukocytes followed by determining the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released from activated cells. Additionally, we tested the level of selected cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-15, IL-33, VEGF) from stimulated blood samples to further understand the immune response. This study builds upon a previously published study, utilizing activated serum samples that were initially used for IFN-γ determination. However, our current focus shifts from IFN-γ to exploring other cytokines that could provide further insights into the immune response. A screening was conducted using Luminex technology, which yielded promising results. These results were then further elaborated upon using ELISA to provide a more detailed understanding of the cytokine profiles involved. This study, conducted from August 2019 to June 2023, included 280 participants: 98 RRMS patients treated with fingolimod (fMS), 96 untreated patients with progressive MS (pMS), and 86 healthy controls (HC). Our results include Violin plots showing elevated IL-1α in pMS and fMS. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in the interleukin levels between groups, with IL-1ra and age as key predictors in differentiating HC from pMS and IL-1ra, IL-1α, age, and EDSS in distinguishing pMS from fMS. These findings suggest cytokines' potential as biomarkers in MS progression and treatment response.
- MeSH
- antagonista receptoru pro interleukin 1 MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- imunitní systém MeSH
- interferon gama MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- atopická dermatitida * MeSH
- B-lymfocyty MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
Chladná část roku je u dětí spojena se zvýšeným rizikem respiračních virových infekcí. Je to důsledkem přirozené cirkulace některých virů v zimním období. Podstatnou příčinou je rovněž snížená obranyschopnost dětí. Ta má komplexní důvody. Zdůraznit můžeme negativní vliv životního stylu převážné většiny dětí v kombinaci s nutričně nevyváženou stravou. Úpravou životního stylu, především dostatkem nočního spánku, v kombinaci s pohybovou aktivitou a otužováním, lze zvýšit obranný potenciál dětí. Další možností je optimalizace jídelníčku dětí, který by měl obsahovat v dostatečné míře potřebné živiny nutné pro rozvoj imunitní reakce. Obranyschopnost je významně zesílena dostatečným příjmem vitaminu C, vitaminu D a zinku. Slizniční i systémovou imunitu pozitivně ovlivňují látky charakteru prebiotik a zdraví prospěšné mikrobi, přijímané v potravě, probiotika.
Cold season is characterized by increased presence of respiratory viral infections. It is cost by seasonal increase in presence of viruses with substantial contribution of decreased protective immunity of children. This is the result of complex interplays between immunity and other body systems. One from the major contributors is unhealthy lifestyle of children characterized by low physical activity, disturbances in night sleep and inadequate nutrition. Changes foccusing on lifestyle in combination with physical activity can enhance protective potential of children. This could be also improved by intervention into the nutrition. Nutrition has to contain sufficient sources of basic nutrients to mount optimal immune response. Effectivnes of protective immunity could be also enhanced by supplementation with vitamin C and D, prebiotics and probiotics and zinc.
- MeSH
- cholekalciferol imunologie nedostatek MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ergokalciferoly imunologie nedostatek MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kyselina askorbová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odolnost vůči nemocem * imunologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita imunologie MeSH
- strava, jídlo, výživa MeSH
- zdravý životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: The CD23 molecule has an effect on the regulation of IgE synthesis, either by stimulation or inhibition. It is not yet known whether the expression of CD23 on B lymphocytes is related to the level of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in patients with atopic dermatitis. AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the association between the expression of CD23 molecule on B cells and on their subsets (memory, naive, switched, non-switched, and total B lymphocytes) and the level of specific IgE to molecular components of mites in atopic dermatitis patients (with and without dupilumab therapy). METHODS: Forty-five patients suffering from atopic dermatitis were included: 32 patients without dupilumab treatment (10 men, 22 women, average age 35 years), 13 patients with dupilumab treatment (7 men, 6 women, average age 43.4 years) and 30 subjects as a control group (10 men, 20 women, average age 44.7 years). The serum level of the specific IgE was measured using the components resolved diagnostic microarray-based specific IgE detection assay ALEX2 Allergy Xplorer. In all included patients, the expression of CD23 molecule on B lymphocytes was evaluated with flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. For the statistical analysis of the association between expression of CD23 molecule on B lymphocytes and the level of specific IgE to molecular components of mites, we used non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post-hoc by Dunn's test with Bonferroni modification and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; for coefficients higher than 0.41, we report R2 (%, percent of Variation Explained). RESULTS: The association between the expression of CD23 molecule on B cells and the level of specific IgE to molecular components of mites was confirmed only in patients with dupilumab therapy. In these patients, the highest association was confirmed between the level of specific IgE to Der p 20 and expression of CD23 on switched B lymphocytes (in 48.9%). In patients without dupilumab, the association between the level of specific IgE to molecular components of mites and the expression of CD23 on B cells and on their subsets is low. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and its implications for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease that secondarily leads to axonal loss and associated brain atrophy. Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) have previously been studied for their ability to affect specific immunity. This study investigates the effect of interferon beta-1a (INF) and glatiramer acetate (GA) administration on changes in innate immunity cell populations. METHODS: Sixty Caucasian female patients with relapsing-remitting MS undergo blood sample testing for 15 blood parameters at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment by GA or IFN (started as their first-line DMD). RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in the change after 6 months was found in the parameter monocytes (relative count) in the group of patients treated with IFN. The median increase was 27.8%. Changes in many of the other 15 parameters studied were 10-20%. CONCLUSION: Innate immunity has long been neglected in MS immunopathology. The findings suggest that IFN treatment may modulate the immune response in MS by affecting monocyte function and may provide insight into the mechanisms of action of IFN in MS.
- MeSH
- glatiramer acetát terapeutické užití MeSH
- interferon beta 1a terapeutické užití MeSH
- interferon beta terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peptidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
