Depression is associated with a significant burden on individuals, families, and communities. It leads to impaired social and occupational functioning, increased disability, decreased quality of life, and higher mortality rates, often due to suicide. A recent estimate from the World Health Organization (WHO) states that over 280 million people of all ages suffer from depression, which equals approximately 3.8% of the world population. Despite effective treatments for mental disorders, a dire treatment gap persists. This treatment gap could be reduced by effective and available diagnostic methods that have the potential to aid in depression diagnosis, stratification of patient subgroups, and treatment monitoring. In this regard, salivary hormones have been studied as potential markers for different types and etiologies of depression due to the convenience of non-invasive sample collection and their correlation with certain aspects of mood and mental health. The literature suggests they can help clinicians assess an individual's stress response, hormonal imbalances, and treatment response, leading to more personalized and effective interventions. In this review, we offer an up-to-date look at all studied salivary hormones associated with depression, including Cortisol, Melatonin, Oxytocin, Serotonin, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Testosterone, Progesterone, and Estradiol.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depressive disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions, affecting millions worldwide. Advancements in neurobiology have identified the effects of various neuropeptides in modulating mood and stress responses. Some of the well-researched neuropeptides in plasma are oxytocin (OXT), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), beta-endorphin, neurotensin, and substance P. In this study, we used methods of liquid biopsy to acquire saliva samples to analyze the concentrations of neuropeptides associated with depression. METHODS: The study was conducted in Bratislava, Slovakia, from January to June 2022. Participants were 20 subjects treated for depression and anxiety without medication; the control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals with no personal history of depression or anxiety. Salivary samples were collected using buccal swabs to measure the concentrations of the examined neuropeptides. Laboratory analysis was based on detecting fluorescent signals performed on the Luminex MAGPIX® System (Luminex Corporation, Austin, Texas). Means and standard deviations were calculated for individual neuropeptide levels. To determine if there are statistically significant differences in neuropeptide levels between individuals with and without depression, independent t-tests and a one-way ANOVA were conducted. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a significant decrease in all studied neuropeptides in subjects compared to healthy controls. Reductions in mean levels were observed for OXT (7.3), alpha-MSH (3.9), beta-endorphin (2.9), neurotensin (15.1), and a 6.9-fold decrease for substance P. Alpha-MSH and beta-endorphin showed higher variability in measured levels within both groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the levels of the studied salivary neuropeptides, OXT, alpha-MSH, beta-endorphin, neurotensin, and substance P, are statistically significantly reduced in individuals with depression compared to healthy controls.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cieľom predloženej štúdie je hodnotenie vplyvu diabetu na priebeh nešpecifickej infekcie v oblasti hlavy a krku a porovnanie so skupinou pacientov bez diabetu. Štúdiu tvorí skupina 459 pacientov, z ktorých 31 (7 %) je zaradená do skupiny pacientov s diabetes mellitus. V pozorovanom súbore bol priemerný vek pacientov bez diabetu (non-DM) 41 rokov a pacientov s diabetom (DM) 54 rokov. Pri porovnávaní objektívnych symptómov nebol vo väčšine zistený signifikantný rozdiel medzi porovnávanými skupinami. Z výsledkov štúdie pozorovaného súboru je možné vyvodiť záver, že pacienti s diabetom nevytvárajú jednoznačne skupinu s vysokým rizikom komplikácií a sťaženého priebehu nešpecifickej infekcii čeľustí a krku.
The aim of the submitted study is to assess the impact of diabetes on the course of non-specific infections affecting the head and neck and comparison with a cohort without diabetes. The study comprises a cohort of 459 patients, 31 (7 %) of which are included in the cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus. An average age of patients without diabetes in the monitored cohort was 41 years and that of patients with diabetes 54 years. The comparison of objective symptoms has not identified any major significant difference between the compared cohorts. The results of the study on the monitored cohort lead us to the conclusion that patients with diabetes are not a population clearly at high risk of complications and aggravated development of nonspecific jaw and neck infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální infekce * farmakoterapie MeSH
- čelisti patologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- drenáž MeSH
- extrakce zubů MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- krk patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obličej patologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zánět * etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
