Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).Inflammation is increased by hyper caloric Western-style diets, typically high in salt, animal fat, red meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, fried food, low in fibre, and lack of physical exercise. An anti-inflammatory dietary regimen, with or without administration of dietary supplements, thus supporting the general trend towards an amelioration of inflammatory status, should be considered. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in health and disease can lay the foundation to treat chronic diseases by modifying the composition of gut microbiota through the choice of a correct lifestyle, including dietary habits and possibly probiotic supplementation. Evidences from experimental, epidemiologic and clinical studies support the potential linkage between poor vitamin D status and the risk of developing MS, as well as, an adverse disease course. Correcting vitamin D status seems plausible in MS patients.
