Plant-derived smoke and certain smoke compounds improve seed germination and enhance seedling growth of many species. Thus, smoke-infused water and the active smoke-derived compounds have the potential to be used in different agricultural and horticultural applications. However, despite these interesting and potentially practical properties, it should also be ascertained whether such compounds may pose a health risk, particularly if they are to be used in the production of food or fodder crops. Amongst some of the aspects that would be important to understand are any possible genotoxic properties that the compounds may possess due to potential carry-over effects. Here, we report on a genotoxicity study of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one, a compound from plant-derived smoke previously shown to have germination inhibitory activity. Using two in vitro tests, namely the bacterial VITOTOX® test (with/without S9 metabolic activation) and the cytome assay on human C3A cells, no genotoxicity or toxicity was found. Furthermore, these results support a previous study where a related smoke-derived compound with germination promoting properties was investigated.
- MeSH
- 4-nitrochinolin-1-oxid toxicita MeSH
- benzopyreny toxicita MeSH
- chinolony toxicita MeSH
- furany farmakologie MeSH
- hepatocyty cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- klíčení účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luciferasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mutageny farmakologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- reportérové geny MeSH
- rostliny účinky léků MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- semena rostlinná účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- SOS odpověď (genetika) účinky léků MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Smoke-derived butenolide compounds have, in recent years, been shown to be important germination signaling molecules, which also affect seedling growth. The butenolide 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one was previously isolated from plant-derived smoke and was found to significantly reduce the effect on germination by the highly active promotor karrikinolide (KAR1, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one), another smoke-derived compound. In this study, 11 analogs of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one were synthesized and their effect on the germination of light-sensitive 'Grand Rapids' lettuce seeds (Lactua sativa cv. 'Grand Rapids') were evaluated. A concentration series (1mM-1μM) of the analogs were tested alone, or in combination with 0.01μM KAR1. Only two compounds were found to reduce the germination promotory effect of 0.01μM KAR1 in a similar manner as observed with 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one, with activity ranging from 1mM to 10μM. Four compounds were found to have inhibitory activity at 1mM and 100μM. The retention of activity by some of the analogs may be useful for designing novel compounds with improved activity. Furthermore, understanding the structure-activity relationships of these compounds may be helpful in synthesizing molecular probes that can be used to further investigate the mechanism of action of these compounds in regulating seed germination.
- MeSH
- furany chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- klíčení účinky léků MeSH
- kouř analýza MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- pyrany farmakologie MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- salát (hlávkový) účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- semena rostlinná účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
