Chlorované parafíny jsou relativně novou a stále nedostatečně prozkoumanou skupinou kontaminantů životního prostředí. Chlorované parafíny s krátkým uhlíkatým řetězcem řadíme od roku 2017 na seznam perzistentních organických polutantů. Použití těchto forem je tedy v průmyslu regulováno. Nicméně chlorované parafíny se středním či dlouhým řetězcem, které disponují velice podobnými fyzikálně‐ ‐chemickými vlastnostmi, jsou doposud používány a jejich produkce i konzumace převážně v oblasti Číny strmě vzrůstá. Chlorované parafíny mají schopnost bioakumulace ve tkáních a mohou též ovlivňovat buněčný metabolismus. Se svým nízkým stupněm biotransfor‐ mace představují bezprostřední hrozbu pro lidské zdraví.
Chlorinated paraffins are a relatively new and still understudied component of environmental contaminants. Chlorinated paraffins with a short carbon chain have been included in the list of persistent organic pollutants since 2017. The use of these forms is therefore regu‐ lated in the industry. However, chlorinated paraffins with a medium or long chain, which have very similar physico‐chemical properties, are still used and their production and consumption, mainly in the area of China, is increasing steeply. Chlorinated paraffins have the ability to bioaccumulate in tissues and can also affect cellular metabolism. With their low degree of biotransformation, they represent the closest threat to human health.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parafín * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a major health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Limited efficacy of current therapies has prompted a search for novel therapeutic options. Here we show that treatment of pre-diabetic mice with mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen, a potential anti-cancer agent with senolytic activity, improves glucose tolerance and reduces body weight with most pronounced reduction of visceral adipose tissue due to reduced food intake, suppressed adipogenesis and elimination of senescent cells. Glucose-lowering effect of mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen is linked to improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related hormones profile and is accompanied by reduced lipid accumulation in liver. Lower senescent cell burden in various tissues, as well as its inhibitory effect on pre-adipocyte differentiation, results in lower level of circulating inflammatory mediators that typically enhance metabolic dysfunction. Targeting senescence with mitochodrially targeted tamoxifen thus represents an approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related comorbidities, promising a complex impact on senescence-related pathologies in aging population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with potential translation into the clinic.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- experimentální diabetes mellitus * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obezita komplikace farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tamoxifen farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- benzhydrylové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- buňky 3T3-L1 MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- down regulace účinky léků MeSH
- dyslipidemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- glifloziny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- glukoneogeneze účinky léků genetika MeSH
- glukosidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- hmotnostní přírůstek účinky léků MeSH
- hypertriglyceridemie farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipogeneze účinky léků genetika MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- stárnutí buněk účinky léků MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- upregulace účinky léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- alergeny chemie imunologie MeSH
- antigeny rostlinné chemie imunologie MeSH
- gibereliny chemie imunologie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- imunoglobulin E imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravinová alergie diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- pyl chemie imunologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie imunologie MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- zkřížené reakce imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Traditional supplements of selenium generally have a low degree of absorption and increased toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to develop innovative systems as transporters of selenium compounds, which would raise the bioavailability of this element and allow its controlled release in the organism. Nanoscale selenium has attracted a great interest as a food additive especially in individuals with selenium deficiency, but also as a therapeutic agent without significant side effects in medicine. This review is focused on the incorporation of nanotechnological applications, in particular exploring the possibilities of a more effective way of administration, especially in selenium-deficient organisms. In addition, this review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium nanoparticles, their biological effects in the organism, advantages, absorption mechanisms, and nanotechnological applications for peroral administration.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- nanomedicína metody MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- potravinářské přísady aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- střevní sliznice účinky léků MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- savci metabolismus MeSH
- selen nedostatek metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The response of nutrient status and biochemical processes in (i) Wistar and (ii) spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats upon dietary intake of selenium- (Se-) enriched defatted rapeseed (DRS) and/or vitamin E fortification was examined to assess the health benefit of DRS in animal nutrition. Twenty-four individuals of each type of rat were used: The control group was fed with an untreated diet (Diet A). In Diets B and C, soybean meal was replaced with defatted DRS, which comprised 14% of the total diet. The selenized DRS application resulted in ~3-fold increase of Se content in the diet. Diet C was also fortified with the addition of vitamin E, increasing the natural content by 30%. The Se content of the blood and kidneys tended to increase in the DRS groups, where the changes were significant (P < 0.05) only in the case of SHR rats. The iodine (I) content and the proportion of iodide in rat livers indicated a lower transformation rate of iodide into organoiodine compounds compared to the control. Slight and ambiguous alterations in the antioxidative response of the rat were observed in the DRS groups, but the addition of vitamin E to the diet helped to moderate these effects.
- MeSH
- Brassica rapa * MeSH
- fortifikované potraviny * MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- potkani inbrední WKY MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- selen * krev farmakologie MeSH
- vitamin E farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
