BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome and metabolome may significantly influence clinical outcomes in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). The study aimed to describe specific metagenomic/metabolomics profiles of different SBS types and to identify possible therapeutic targets. METHODS: Fecal microbiome (FM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and bile acid (BA) spectrum were analyzed in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent SBS I, SBS II, and PN-independent (non-PN) SBS patients. RESULTS: FM in SBS I, SBS II, and non-PN SBS shared characteristic features (depletion of beneficial anaerobes, high abundance of Lactobacilaceae and Enterobacteriaceae). SBS I patients were characterized by the abundance of oxygen-tolerant microrganisms and depletion of strict anaerobes. Non-PN SBS subjects showed markers of partial FM normalization. FM dysbiosis was translated into VOC and BA profiles characteristic for each SBS cohort. A typical signature of all SBS patients comprised high saturated aldehydes and medium-chain fatty acids and reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. Particularly, SBS I and II exhibited low protein metabolism intermediate (indole, p-cresol) content despite the hypothetical presence of relevant metabolism pathways. Distinctive non-PN SBS marker was high phenol content. SBS patients' BA fecal spectrum was enriched by chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids and depleted of lithocholic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental conditions in SBS gut significantly affect FM composition and metabolic activity. The common feature of diverse SBS subjects is the altered VOC/BA profile and the lack of important products of microbial metabolism. Strategies oriented on the microbiome/metabolome reconstitution and targeted delivery of key compounds may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in SBS patients.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   MeSH
• dysbióza MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolom * MeSH
• parenterální výživa MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• syndrom krátkého střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is often associated with the deterioration of liver functions (PNALD). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were reported to alleviate PNALD but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully unraveled yet. Using omics´ approach, we determined serum and liver lipidome, liver proteome, and liver bile acid profile as well as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rats administered either ω-6 PUFA based lipid emulsion (Intralipid) or ω-6/ω-3 PUFA blend (Intralipid/Omegaven) via the enteral or parenteral route. In general, we found that enteral administration of both lipid emulsions has less impact on the liver than the parenteral route. Compared with parenterally administered Intralipid, PN administration of ω-3 PUFA was associated with 1. increased content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA)- and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids-containing lipid species; 2. higher abundance of CYP4A isoenzymes capable of bioactive lipid synthesis and the increased content of their potential products (oxidized EPA and DHA); 3. downregulation of enzymes involved CYP450 drug metabolism what may represent an adaptive mechanism counteracting the potential negative effects (enhanced ROS production) of PUFA metabolism; 4. normalized anti-oxidative capacity and 5. physiological BAs spectrum. All these findings may contribute to the explanation of ω-3 PUFA protective effects in the context of PN.

• MeSH
• emulze MeSH
• enterální výživa metody   MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyselina eikosapentaenová chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny dokosahexaenové chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 chemie   MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• lipidomika MeSH
• lipidy chemie   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• parenterální výživa metody   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• proteom metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• rybí oleje MeSH
• sójový olej MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH