- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- enteritida * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- idiopatická trombocytopenická purpura * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- telemedicína MeSH
- trombocytopenie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Raman spectroscopy is a useful technique to identify small organic molecules, including contaminants. The drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) is more sensitive than conventional Raman spectroscopy from solution. It is based on Raman measurement from a small drop dried on a hydrophobic surface where studied molecules are preconcentrated. In this paper, DCDR spectra of dried drops of selected contaminants (food contaminant melamine, fungicide thiram, herbicides bentazon and picloram) on the hydrophobic substrate were acquired for the first time, whereas Raman spectra from stock solutions were impossible to obtain under the same experimental conditions. The lowest DCDR detected concentrations were determined as 6.4 µM, 0.31 µM, 20 µM and 2 µM in deposited concentrations for melamine, thiram, bentazon and picloram, respectively. Therefore, DCDR spectroscopy can serve to detect these molecules in concentrations relevant in food/groundwater contaminations.
- MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
- Ramanova spektroskopie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Metodika Safewards nabízí inspirativní pohled na vytváření pozitivní atmosféry na psychiatrických odděleních. Byla vyvinuta týmem výzkumníků pod vedením prof. Lena Bowerse z Kings College v Londýně. Její autoři se snaží pochopit a popsat základní zdroje konfliktů na psychiatrických odděleních, jejich spouštěče a možné reakce personálu. Na základě rozsáhlých výzkumů pak navrhují určité intervence, jejichž cílem je minimalizovat výskyt konfliktů, nežádoucích událostí a používání omezovacích opatření. Metodika Safewards je v současné době využívána na mnoha pracovištích v celé řadě evropských zemí např. v Německu, Velké Británii, Dánsku, Švýcarsku, Nizozemsku, Polsku i jinde. Dosavadní zkušenosti s její implementací jsou velmi pozitivní a výsledky byly publikovány v mnoha odborných časopisech. V roce 2020 se podařilo do českého jazyka přeložit velkou část textů, které jsou volně přístupné odborné i laické veřejnosti na stránkách www.safewards.net. V následujícím textu jsou shrnuty základní myšlenky Safewards a stručně popsány jednotlivé intervence.
The Safewards model offers an inspiring approach to creating a positive atmosphere in psychiatric wards. It was developed by a team of researchers led by Prof. Len Bowers of Kings College, London. The authors try to understand and describe the basic sources of conflict in psychiatric wards, their triggers and possible reactions of staff. Based on extensive research, they then propose specific interventions to minimize the occurrence of conflicts, incidents and the use of restrictive measures. The Safewards model is currently used in many psychiatric wards in a number of European countries, such as Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Poland and elsewhere. The current experience with its implementation is very positive and the results have been published in many scholarly journals. In 2020, we managed to translate into Czech a large part of texts that are freely accessible to professional and lay public on www.safewards.net. The following text summarizes the basic concepts of the Safewards model and briefly describes the constituent interventions.
- Klíčová slova
- Safewards,
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- hospitalizovaní pacienti psychologie MeSH
- konflikt (psychologie) * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ošetřovatelské modely MeSH
- ošetřovatelství v psychiatrii metody MeSH
- psychiatrické oddělení nemocnice MeSH
- služby péče o duševní zdraví etika normy MeSH
- vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem * etika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy is based on the measurement of a sample that has been preconcentrated by being dried on a special hydrophobic plate. In addition to its higher sensitivity, the advantage of DCDR over the conventional Raman spectroscopy is the small sample volume needed, the lack of interference from solvents, and the capability of segregating any impurities present and separating components in more complex samples. In this study, DCDR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the complex of the cationic copper(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (CuTMPyP) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes. Drop-coating deposition Raman spectra were treated using factor analysis (FA), which led to the following conclusions: (i) the distribution of CuTMPyP in the complex is not homogenous, (ii) the DCDR technique segregates complexed and noncomplexed parts of the sample, (iii) the spectral changes caused by the drying process and by the interaction of CuTMPyP with the DPPC liposomes can be distinguished, and (iv) the porphyrin molecules interacting with DPPC affect both the order-disorder properties of the lipid chains and the lipid head.
Drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy was used to study liposomes (DPPC and asolectin) with growing proportion of cholesterol. Deposited samples of both liposomes on special hydrophobic surface formed a dried drop with a circular shape with a ring of concentrated liposomes at the outer edge. The presence of cholesterol in liposome causes a diminishing of the drop size and an increasing in diameter of the ring, but DPPC with 20% of cholesterol forms the compact drop without the ring. Raman spectra contain characteristics of both lipids and cholesterol, liposomes do not change their initial phase state after drying. Spectral mapping shows that maximum Raman intensity originated from the inner part of the ring. Our results suggest that DCDR spectroscopy can be used for studying lipids containing cholesterol in situ.
