The purpose of the present study was to examine if cultural identity was related to the emotional experiences of Paralympic (N = 83) swimmers’ upon winning medals at the 2016 Paralympic Games. Paralympic athletes’ countries (N = 5) were scored on Hofstede’s (2011) six cultural dimensions and athletes who won medals had their facial expressions analyzed to determine levels of basic emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear, and neutral) based on Ekman’s (1993) neuro-cultural theory of emotion. After controlling for medal won, and time and place expectation proxies, we found that happiness was negatively associated with long/short term orientation (r = –0.313, p < 0.004) and positively linked to indulgence/restraint (r = 0.210, p < 0.06). The emotion of neutral was positively associated with power distance (r = 0.239, p < 0.032) and long term/short term orientation (r = 0.290, p < 0.009) while being negatively linked to indulgence (r = –0.276, p < 0.013). Based on an abductive theory of the scientific method (Haig, 2005; 2008) we formed plausible theory-based explanations for our findings and concluded, given our study is the first of its nature, that researchers should continue this line of inquiry.
- MeSH
- emoce * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- para sportovci * psychologie MeSH
- plavání MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Background. In the current paper we examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire for children with Visual Impairments (PABQ-VI). We examined evidence for the ability of the PABQ-VI to produce scores considered to be valid and exhibit internal reliability. Methods. Forty one children living in the USA who were attending a residential sports camp participated in our research. Psychometric properties of the PABQ-VI were investigated using Pearson product-moment coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability tests. Convergent validity was established by exploring correlations between the PABQ-VI, physical activity (PA) levels and participant’s self-efficacy for overcoming barriers. Results. Participants demonstrated low PA levels. Both PA participation and barrier PA self-efficacy scores were correlated with the PABQ-VI. The most physically active participants perceived fewer barriers and had stronger efficacy compared to participants who were less physically active. Conclusions. Overall, the PABQ-VI demonstrated preliminary evidence of convergent validity. Future researchers may consider reducing participant burden by reducing the scale length through eliminating the most poorly performing items and examining the three-factor structure using factor analysis.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sporty pro handicapované * klasifikace psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- zrakově postižení psychologie rehabilitace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- hydrokortison škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychický stres * metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
V oblasti sportovní psychologie patří dotazník Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) mezi nejvyužívanější nástroje ke sledování týmové koheze. Hlavním cílem tohoto výzkumu bylo porovnat vnímanou týmovou kohezi mezi individuálními a kolektivními sporty u mužů a žen. Studie se zúčastnilo 435 sportovců (180 mužů a 255 žen) a byla zde využita mezikulturně validizovaná modifikovaná česká verze dotazníku GEQ. Data byla analyzována pomocí dvouvýběrového Mann-Whitney U testu. Výsledky ukázaly u mužů významné rozdíly ve vnímání týmové koheze mezi sportovci z individuálních a týmových sportů u všech položek sub-škál ATG-T a GI-T, u žen byly významné rozdíly u většiny položek subškál ATG-T a GI-T a v jednom případě u ATG-S.
In the field of sport psychology the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) belongs to one of the most applied instrument for study of cohesion in sport teams. The main aim of this study was to compare perceived team cohesion in male and female athletes from team and individual sports. A total of 435 athletes (180 men and 255 women) participated in the study and the cross-culturally validated, modified Czech version of GEQ was utilised. For data analysis we applied two-sample Mann-Whitney U test. Results in men showed significant differences in team cohesion perception between team and individual sports in all items of ATG-T and GI-T subscales, results in women revealed significant differences in most items of ATG-T and GI-T subscales and in one item of ATG-S subscale.
- Klíčová slova
- kolektivní sport, individuální sport, gender,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- skupinové procesy MeSH
- sociometrické techniky MeSH
- sportovci psychologie MeSH
- sporty * psychologie MeSH
- životní smysluplnost * klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sarkopenie patří mezi geriatrické syndromy, je charakteristická svalovou atrofií a snížením fyzické výkonnosti organismu. Pro diagnostiku tohoto onemocnění doporučuje Evropská pracovní skupina pro sarkopenii u starších osob (EWGSOP) měření svalové hmoty, svalové síly a fyzické výkonnosti. Na podkladě řady studií byly navrženy pohybové programy a dietetická opatření jako účinný prostředek pro prevenci a léčbu sarkopenie.
Sarcopenia is considered as geriatric syndrome that is characterised by loss of muscle mass, strength and physical function decline. Presently there are three main fields of sarcopenia diagnostics recommended by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) – body composition, muscle strength and physical performance. There have been specifying exercise programmes and dietetic precautions for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia based on number of studies.
- Klíčová slova
- diagnostické metody, geriatrický syndrom, úbytek svalové hmoty,
- MeSH
- absorpční fotometrie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- geriatrie metody MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie genetika účinky léků MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie MeSH
- preventivní lékařství * metody MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- sarkopenie * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie patologie MeSH
- svalová atrofie diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) is one of the most applied instruments intended for the study of cohesion in sport teams. The main aim of this study was to compare perceived team cohesion in athletes from team and individual sports. The cross-culturally validated, modified Czech version of GEQ was utilized for this purpose. A total of 415 participants (179 men and 236 women) from team (218 players) and individual sports (197 athletes) completed the GEQ. For data analysis we applied non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one way Anova. Results showed significant differences in perception between team and individual sports in specific subscales (IA-T and GI-T) and between men and women (regardless of type of sport) in three out of four subscales of team cohesion. The modified Czech version of GEQ might not be always suitable in team cohesion assessment in individual sports and it is important to use this tool with caution in these cases.
The Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) is an instrument intended for the study of cohesion in sport teams. The main aim of this study was to confirm the conceptual validity within the Czech vision of Group Environment Questionnaire by method of structural equation modeling. For translation of the questionnaire was utilized a modified direct translation method. A total of 1169 participants (848 men and 321 women) completed the GEQ. For data analysis we applied a confirmation factor analysis approach. The original model was tested to verify the structural theory and diagnosis quality of this tool. Results showed only average values of models fit RMSEA in Czech condition on the level 0,081 and CFI 0,901 and found poor item loading in fourth factor of diagnostic tool GI-T with factor validity on level 0.216. We assume that for better fit and diagnostics quality it is necessary to repeat the process of content validity and change or restrict the number of items.
- Klíčová slova
- explorativní faktorová analýza, SEM, týmový sport, koheze, GEQ,
- MeSH
- basketbal MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fotbal MeSH
- hokej MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely strukturální MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychologické modely MeSH
- role MeSH
- skupinová struktura MeSH
- skupinové procesy MeSH
- sporty klasifikace psychologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- volejbal MeSH
- zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The purpose of the present study was to examine and contrast emotional experiences of rugby and wheelchair rugby players by utilizing the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model. The IZOF questionnaire was completed by 26 male rugby and 11 wheelchair rugby players. The content of emotions was studied as a) frequency of separate adjectives from the emotion profiles, b) frequency of adjectives clustered in groups of synonyms, and c) displaying frequency of helpful and harmful effect of the adjectives. To compare the contents of emotions between rugby and wheelchair rugby players the Chi-Square test was used. To compare the intensities of emotions on the inter-group level we utilized Mann-Whitney U Test. The data revealed several significant differences (p < 0,05) between the two teams in selected emotion content (in 6 out of 48 groups of synonyms) and in indicated emotion intensities (during the best ever performance in 6 cases and during the worst ever performance in 1 case out of 48 groups). The analysis also demonstrated that wheelchair rugby players perceived harmful negative emotions during their worst ever performance at significantly higher intensity compared to the rugby players. The results support utilizing an individual approach in studies of performance-related emotional experiences and suggest that the IZOF model was applicable to research in emotional experiences of athletes with disabilities.
- Klíčová slova
- výkon, dotazník IZOF, srovnání, týmový sport,
- MeSH
- americký fotbal MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postižení MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychologické modely MeSH
- sportovní výkon psychologie MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- AIDS * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- zdravotní výchova * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
