OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in oesophageal (T-Oeso) and rectal (T-Rec) temperature in dogs during general anaesthesia and premedicated with fentanyl, medetomidine-fentanyl or acepromazine-fentanyl. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blind clinical study. ANIMALS: A total of 120 healthy dogs, aged 2-10 years and weighing 5-20 kg. METHODS: Dogs were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Animals of F group were premedicated with fentanyl (0.01 mg kg-1), MF group with medetomidine (0.005 mg kg-1) and fentanyl (0.01 mg kg-1) and AF group with acepromazine (0.01 mg kg-1) and fentanyl (0.01 mg kg-1). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen-air mixture. Fentanyl was administered continuously (0.01 mg kg-1 hour-1). The T-Oeso, T-Rec and ambient temperatures were recorded after induction (T0) and subsequently at 10 minute intervals for 60 minutes (T10-T60). Data were analysed using anova or their non-parametric equivalents (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Median T-Oeso was significantly higher in MF group between T0-T20 compared with other groups. Median T-Oeso significantly decreased in F group from 38.0 °C (T0) to 37.4 °C (T30), 37.1 °C (T40), 36.9 °C (T50) and 36.6 °C (T60), in MF group from 38.3 °C (T0) to 37.7 °C (T30), 37.5 °C (T40), 37.2 °C (T50) and 37.1 °C (T60) and in AF group from 37.7 °C (T0) to 37.3 °C (T40), 37.2 °C (T50) and 37.1 °C (T60). The T-Rec significantly decreased in F group from 38.0 °C (T0) to 37.4 °C (T40), 37.2 °C (T50) and 36.9 °C (T60), in MF group from 38.3 °C (T0) to 37.5 °C (T50) and 37.4 °C (T60) and in AF group from 38.2 °C (T0) to 37.6 °C (T40), 37.5 °C (T50) and 37.4 °C (T60). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Premedication with fentanyl, medetomidine-fentanyl or acepromazine-fentanyl in the doses used decreased the T-Oeso and T-Rec. The T-Oeso at the beginning of anaesthesia was higher after premedication with medetomidine-fentanyl. However, this difference was not clinically significant.

• MeSH
• acepromazin * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• anestetika intravenózní farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• celková anestezie veterinární   MeSH
• ezofágus účinky léků   MeSH
• fentanyl * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kombinace anestetik aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• medetomidin * farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• premedikace anestezie veterinární   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• psi MeSH
• rektum MeSH
• tělesná teplota * účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie veterinární MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize outcomes of studies focused on the effects of opioids, injectable sedative and anaesthetic drugs and inhalant anaesthetics on tear production in dogs. This manuscript complements the systematic review describing the effect of anaesthetics on intraocular pressure in dogs (Pierce-Tomlin et al. 2020). Databases used A detailed search of scientific references has been performed. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were used to search for sources using free text terms 'Dog' or 'Canine', 'Anaesthesia' or 'Anaesthetic' or 'Sedative' or 'Opioid' or the name of used opioids, sedative and anaesthetic drugs and 'Tear' or 'Schirmer' or 'Lacrimation'. The time frame searched was from 1960 to October 2021. Any published manuscripts that were concerned with sedative or anaesthetic drugs administered systemically in the dog and tear production were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Low doses of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, opioids, propofol or alfaxalone administered alone have no clinically significant effect on aqueous tear production in healthy dogs measured by the Schirmer tear test I (STT-I). Intramuscular injection of ketamine increases STT-I values. Higher doses of α2-adrenoceptor agonists and combinations of anaesthetics, including inhaled anaesthetics, always clinically significantly decrease tear production.

• MeSH
• adrenergní receptory MeSH
• anestetika * farmakologie   MeSH
• hypnotika a sedativa farmakologie   MeSH
• propofol * farmakologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• slzy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

The early effectiveness of 5 analgesics was investigated after periodontal treatment. Dogs were assigned to 6 groups (n = 14 each). A prospective, randomized and blinded clinical study was performed. Before anesthesia was induced, butorphanol, morphine, carprofen and saline were administered. After induction, a maxillary and mandibular block was performed with lidocaine or bupivacaine. Painful periodontal therapies were performed. Two hours after the administration of analgesics and after anesthesia reversal, pain was scored using the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS) and the modified University of Melbourne Pain Score (UMPS). Blood glucose and cortisol levels were measured prior to analgesic administration and again 2 hours later. Rescue analgesia was provided when the VAS exceeded 50 mm or the UMPS exceeded 14 points. Rescue analgesia was required in one patient in the morphine group and one in the carprofen group. The VAS values were significantly lower in the butorphanol group compared to those of the saline group and in the bupivacaine group vs. those in the saline and lidocaine groups. Significantly lower UMPS values were obtained in the bupivacaine group compared to those in the saline, butorphanol and lidocaine groups and in the carprofen group vs. those in the saline and lidocaine groups. Significantly higher serum cortisol values were found in the lidocaine group compared to those in the saline, bupivacaine and carprofen groups. Administration of carprofen or the use of nerve blocks with bupivacaine improved analgesia after periodontal treatment more than did butorphanol, morphine or nerve blocks using lidocaine.

• MeSH
• analgetika MeSH
• anestetika lokální MeSH
• bupivakain * MeSH
• butorfanol MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hysterektomie veterinární   MeSH
• karbazoly MeSH
• lidokain MeSH
• morfin MeSH
• nemoci psů * MeSH
• pooperační bolest veterinární   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie veterinární MeSH

• MeSH
• analgetika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• anestetika lokální aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• antagonisté excitačních aminokyselin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní dějiny   farmakologie   MeSH
• bolest * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ketamin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství MeSH
• léková kontraindikace MeSH
• opioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• těhotenství u zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Článek popisuje sedm klinických případů anestetických komplikací – hypoglykemii s hypotermií, hypertermii, edém plic, srdeční selhání, svalové záškuby, iontové abnormality a anafylaktoidní reakci. Autoři popisují klinické příznaky, přístrojové a laboratorní nálezy a možnosti řešení těchto komplikací. Jsou diskutovány i vyvolávající příčiny a možnosti diagnostiky a terapie.

Article describes 7 clinical cases of anaesthetic complications – hypoglycaemia with hypothermia, hyperthermia, lung oedema, cardiopulmonary failure, muscle tremor, ion abnormalities and anaphylactoid reaction. Authors report clinical signs, equipment and laboratory findings and possibilities of their solutions. Paper discuss causes of these situations and possibilities of diagnostic and treatment.

• MeSH
• anafylaxe etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• celková anestezie * škodlivé účinky   veterinární   MeSH
• hypoglykemie etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• hypotermie etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• peroperační komplikace * veterinární   MeSH
• plicní edém etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• srdeční selhání etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• vodní a elektrolytová nerovnováha etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• záchvaty etiologie   terapie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Study trying to create safe methodology of irreversible electroporation of locally advanced pancreatic cancer and to compare the clinical effect of this aproach to another cryoablative method, radiofrequency ablation.

Studie, jejímž cílem je vypracovat metodiku ireverzibilní elektroporace lokálně pokročilých maligních nádorů pankreatu a srovnat klinický efekt této metody s další cytoredukční metodou, radiofrekvenční ablací.

• MeSH
• anastomóza chirurgická MeSH
• cytoredukční chirurgie MeSH
• elektroporace MeSH
• katetrizační ablace MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní chirurgie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• pooperační péče MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• gastroenterologie
• onkologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Irreversible electroporation is a local, non-thermal ablation method, where short electrical pulses of high voltage lead to changes in cell membrane permeability and cell death. Recent experimental studies have shown that it does not lead to damage of blood vessels, nerves, bile duct or ureters. The aim of our experimental study was to evaluate the negative effect of irreversible electroporation regarding damage to the vascular wall and porcine pancreatic tissue. Irreversible electroporation of the pancreas was performed in 6 pigs after medial laparotomy. Irreversible electroporation was applied to each pig to the splenic lobe of the pancreas in order to assess damage to the pancreatic tissue and to the duodenal lobe of the pancreas to assess damage to the vascular structure of the pancreatic tissue. Higher ablation electric intensity (minimum 500 V/cm – maximum 1,750 V/cm, step 250 V/cm) in 90 μs pulses was utilized on each pig. After 7 days, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of en bloc resected specimen (pancreas with duodenum) were performed. During 7 post-ablation days, no deaths or clinical worsening occurred in any of the pigs. Necrotic changes in the pancreatic tissue were recorded at an electric intensity of 750 V/cm. Changes in the outer layers of the wall of the arteries and veins occurred at 1,000 V/cm. Transmural vascular wall damage was not recorded in any case. Irreversible electroporation allows for relatively efficient cell death in the target tissues. Our independent experimental work confirms the safety of this method towards vascular structures located in the ablation zone

• MeSH
• ablace metody   MeSH
• cévy * patologie   MeSH
• elektrochemoterapie * metody   přístrojové vybavení   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• laparotomie MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• nekróza etiologie   MeSH
• pankreas * anatomie a histologie   krevní zásobení   patologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• pooperační období MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of this experimental study was to verify a new semi-spherical surgical tool for bipolar radiofrequency liver ablation, which can solve some of the disadvantages of the commonly used device, such as the long duration of ablation. A total of 12 pigs which were randomly divided into two groups were used. Each pig underwent resection of the two liver lobes. In group 1, pigs were treated with the commonly used device; in group 2 the newly developed semi-spherical device was used. During surgery and the post-surgical period, many categories were observed and later analyzed. The blood count and biochemistry were monitored on days 0, 14 and 30 from the operation. On day 14 since the liver resection, pigs underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to evaluate their condition focusing on the site of the liver lobe resection. On day 30 after operation, all pigs were euthanized and subjected to histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation of thermal changes at the resection margin showed strong thermal alteration in both groups. Data between both groups were compared using median test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS software version 18.0. Statistical analysis of collected data did not prove any significant (P < 0.05) differences between the commonly used device and the newly designed surgical tool.

• Klíčová slova
• RONJA,
• MeSH
• chirurgické nástroje * klasifikace   MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• hepatektomie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• játra chirurgie   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• pooperační období MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• radiofrekvenční ablace * metody   přístrojové vybavení   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

INTRODUCTION: This study describes the results achieved using a combination of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with chondrocytes (CHC) and a new scaffold consisting of type-I collagen and chitosan nanofibers in the prevention of partial growth plate arrest after iatrogenic injury in pigs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The miniature pig was selected as an experimental model to compare the results in the left femoral bones (MSCs and CHC in scaffold transplantation into the iatrogenic partial distal growth plate defect) and right femoral bones (scaffold alone transplantation). The experimental group consisted of 10 animals. Bone marrow from os ilium as the source of MSCs was used. A porous cylinder consisting of 0.5% by weight type-I collagen and 30% by weight chitosan, was the optimal choice. The length of the bone and angular deformity of distal femur after the healing period was measured and the quality and structure of the newly formed cartilage was histologically examined. RESULTS: Transplantation of the composite scaffold in combination with MSCs and chondrocytes led to the prevention of growth disorder and angular deformity in the distal epiphysis of the left femur. Compared to the right (control) femur, tissue similar to hyaline cartilage with signs of columnar organization typical of the growth plate occurred in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: The promising results of this study reveal the new and effective means for the prevention of bone bridge formation after growth plate injury.

• MeSH
• chitosan MeSH
• chondrocyty transplantace   MeSH
• epifýzy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• femur chirurgie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fraktury růstové ploténky MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka růst a vývoj   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• nanovlákna MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• růstová ploténka růst a vývoj   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of intravenous (IV) medetomidine-butorphanol and IV dexmedetomidine-butorphanol on intraocular pressure (IOP). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS: Forty healthy dogs. Mean ± SD body mass 37.6 ± 6.6 kg and age 1.9 ± 1.3 years. METHODS: Dogs were allocated randomly to receive an IV combination of dexmedetomidine, 0.3 mg m(-2), combined with butorphanol, 6 mg m(-2), (group DEX) or medetomidine 0.3 mg m(-2), combined with butorphanol 6 mg m(-2), (group MED). IOP and pulse (PR) and respiratory (f(R) ) rates were measured prior to (baseline) and at 10 (T10), 20 (T20), 30 (T30) and 40 (T40) minutes after drug administration. Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO(2)) was monitored following sedation. Data were analyzed by anova followed by Dunnett's tests for multiple comparisons. Changes were considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: Following drug administration, PR and f(R) were decreased significantly at all time points but did not differ significantly between groups. Baseline IOP in mmHg was 14 ± 2 for DEX and 13 ± 2 for MED. With both treatments, at T10, IOP increased significantly (p < 0.001), reaching 20 ± 3 and 17 ± 2 for DEX and MED respectively. This value for DEX was significantly higher than for MED. There were no significant differences in IOP values between groups at any other time points. At T30 and T40, IOP in both groups was below baseline (DEX, 12 ± 2 and 11 ± 2: MED 12 ± 2 and 11 ± 2) and this was statistically significant, for DEX. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: At the documented doses, both sedative combinations induced a transient increase and subsequent decrease of IOP relative to baseline, which must be taken into consideration when planning sedation of animals in which marked changes in IOP would be undesirable.

• MeSH
• butorfanol aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dexmedetomidin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• medetomidin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• neopioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• nitrooční tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• opioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• psi fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH