Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) is characterized by acute onset of psychotic symptoms and early recovery. Contrastingly, schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by impaired functioning including a deficit in cognition. In SZ, the cognitive deficit is among the core symptoms, but in ATPDs, the existing evidence brings mixed results. Our primary aim was to compare three core cognitive domains (executive functioning/abstraction, speed of processing and working memory) of patients diagnosed with ATPD and SZ over a 12-month period. Moreover, we explored how these diagnostic subgroups differed in their clinical characteristics. We recruited 39 patients with a diagnosis of SZ and 31 with ATPD with schizophrenic symptoms. All patients completed clinical and neuropsychological assessments. At baseline, we used a one-way ANCOVA model with a group as the between-subjects factor. Mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVAs with time as the within-subjects factor and group as the between-subjects factor were run to test the overtime differences. At baseline, we did not find any differences in cognition - with sex, education and age as covariates - between ATPDs and SZ. After one year, all patients showed an improvement in all three domains, however, there were no significant overtime changes between ATPDs and SZ. Regarding clinical profiles, ATPDs demonstrated less severe psychopathology and better functioning compared to SZ both at baseline and after 12 months. The medication dosage differed at retest, but not at baseline between the groups. Our findings suggest clinical differences and a similar trajectory of cognitive performance between these diagnostic subgroups.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, we aimed to determine whether childhood trauma moderated the relationship between inflammation and cognitive functioning in persons with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). We included data from 92 individuals who participated in the nationwide Early-Stage Schizophrenia Outcome study. These individuals completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, provided a fasting blood sample for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein analysis, and underwent extensive neuropsychological testing. The intervening effects of age, sex, education, smoking status, and body mass index were controlled. Results indicated that childhood trauma levels significantly moderated the relationship between inflammation and four cognitive domains: speed of processing, working memory, visual memory, and verbal memory. Inflammation also predicted verbal memory scores irrespective of childhood trauma levels or the covariates. Upon further exploration, the significant moderation effects appeared to be primarily driven by males. In conclusion, a history of childhood trauma may be an important determinant in evaluating how inflammation relates to the cognitive performance of people with first-episode SSDs, particularly in speed of processing, working memory, visual memory, and verbal memory. We recommend that future researchers examining the effect of inflammation on cognitive functioning in SSDs include trauma as a moderating variable in their models and further examine additional moderating effects of sex.
BACKGROUND: The association between cannabis use and positive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is well documented, especially via meta-analyses. Yet, findings are inconsistent regarding negative symptoms, while other dimensions such as disorganization, depression, and excitement, have not been investigated. In addition, meta-analyses use aggregated data discarding important confounding variables which is a source of bias. METHODS: PubMed, ScienceDirect and PsycINFO were used to search for publications from inception to September 27, 2022. We contacted the authors of relevant studies to extract raw datasets and perform an Individual Participant Data meta-analysis (IPDMA). Inclusion criteria were: psychopathology of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); cannabis-users had to either have a diagnosis of cannabis use disorder or use cannabis at least twice a week. The main outcomes were the PANSS subscores extracted via the 3-factor (positive, negative and general) and 5-factor (positive, negative, disorganization, depression, excitement) structures. Preregistration is accessible via Prospero: ID CRD42022329172. FINDINGS: Among the 1149 identified studies, 65 were eligible and 21 datasets were shared, totaling 3677 IPD and 3053 complete cases. The adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that relative to non-use, cannabis use was associated with higher severity of positive dimension (3-factor: Adjusted Mean Difference, aMD = 0.34, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = [0.03; 0.66]; 5-factor: aMD = 0.38, 95% CI = [0.08; 0.63]), lower severity of negative dimension (3-factor: aMD = -0.49, 95% CI [-0.90; -0.09]; 5-factor: aMD = -0.50, 95% CI = [-0.91; -0.08]), higher severity of excitement dimension (aMD = 0.16, 95% CI = [0.03; 0.28]). No association was found between cannabis use and disorganization (aMD = -0.13, 95% CI = [-0.42; 0.17]) or depression (aMD = -0.14, 95% CI = [-0.34; 0.06]). INTERPRETATION: No causal relationship can be inferred from the current results. The findings could be in favor of both a detrimental and beneficial effect of cannabis on positive and negative symptoms, respectively. Longitudinal designs are needed to understand the role of cannabis is this association. The reported effect sizes are small and CIs are wide, the interpretation of findings should be taken with caution. FUNDING: This research did not receive any specific grant or funding. Primary financial support for authors was provided by Le Vinatier Psychiatric Hospital.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) record elevated rates of smoking, which is often attributed to their effort to self-medicate cognitive and attentional symptoms of their illness. Empirical evidence for this hypothesis is conflicting, however. In this study, we aimed to test predictions derived from the cognitive self-medication hypothesis. We predicted that cigarette smoking status and extent would predict the attentional performance of participants with SSDs. Simultaneously, we wished to address methodological gaps in previous research. We measured distinct attentional components and made adjustments for the effects of other, attention-modulation variables. METHODS: Sixty-one smokers (82.0% males, 26.73 ± 6.05 years) and 61 non-smokers (50.8% males, 27.10 ± 7.90 years) with recent-onset SSDs completed an X-type Continuous Performance Test, which was used to derive impulsivity and inattention component scores. Relationships between the two component scores and cigarette smoking status and extent were assessed using hierarchical regression. Effects of estimated premorbid intellectual functioning and antipsychotic medication dosage were held constant. RESULTS: Smokers had significantly higher inattention component scores than non-smokers when covariates were controlled (p = 0.026). Impulsivity remained unaffected by smoking status (p = 0.971). Cigarette smoking extent, i.e., the number of cigarettes smoked per day, was not associated with either inattention (p = 0.414) or impulsivity (p = 0.079). CONCLUSION: Models of smoking-related attentional changes can benefit from the inclusion of sample-specific component scores and attention-modulating covariates. Under these conditions, smokers with SSDs can show a partial attentional benefit. However, the limited scope of this benefit suggests that the cognitive self-medication hypothesis requires further testing or reconsidering.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cognitive reserve (CR) has been conceptualized as an individual's ability to optimize or maximize performance through differential recruitment of brain networks. As such, CR may contribute to the heterogeneity of cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess the relationships between CR, cognition and quality of life in first-episode (FES) patients. A total of 137 patients with either ICD-10 schizophrenia or "acute and transient psychotic disorders" diagnosis, and 62 healthy controls had completed a comprehensive assessment of six cognitive domains: speed of processing, attention, working memory/flexibility, verbal memory, visual memory, and abstraction/executive functioning. CR was calculated from the participants' education, premorbid IQ, and socioeconomic status. The results suggested that in patients, CR was positively related to cognitive performance in all domains, explaining 42.6% of the variance observed in cognition overall. Effects of CR in the control group were limited to three domains: speed of processing, abstraction/executive function and working memory/flexibility. These results suggest that CR largely contributes to cognitive variations present in FES patients. In addition, CR was negatively related to the social construct of patients' quality of life, and positively to symptom severity and general functioning.
- MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- kognitivní rezerva * MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- schizofrenie * komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Embodied cognition research on Parkinson's disease (PD) points to disruptions of frontostriatal language functions as sensitive targets for clinical assessment. However, no existing approach has been tested for crosslinguistic validity, let alone by combining naturalistic tasks with machine-learning tools. To address these issues, we conducted the first classifier-based examination of morphological processing (a core frontostriatal function) in spontaneous monologues from PD patients across three typologically different languages. The study comprised 330 participants, encompassing speakers of Spanish (61 patients, 57 matched controls), German (88 patients, 88 matched controls), and Czech (20 patients, 16 matched controls). All subjects described the activities they perform during a regular day, and their monologues were automatically coded via morphological tagging, a computerized method that labels each word with a part-of-speech tag (e.g., noun, verb) and specific morphological tags (e.g., person, gender, number, tense). The ensuing data were subjected to machine-learning analyses to assess whether differential morphological patterns could classify between patients and controls and reflect the former's degree of motor impairment. Results showed robust classification rates, with over 80% of patients being discriminated from controls in each language separately. Moreover, the most discriminative morphological features were associated with the patients' motor compromise (as indicated by Pearson r correlations between predicted and collected motor impairment scores that ranged from moderate to moderate-to-strong across languages). Taken together, our results suggest that morphological patterning, an embodied frontostriatal domain, may be distinctively affected in PD across languages and even under ecological testing conditions.
- MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * MeSH
- řeč MeSH
- strojové učení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Zprávy ; č. 154
1. vyd. 56 s. : il. ; 30 cm
- Klíčová slova
- testy, neuropsychologická baterie, baterie testů,
- Konspekt
- Psychologie
