Ciel: Hlavným cieľom našej práce bolo analyzovať vývoj dynamiky kliešťovej encefalitídy (KE) v súvislosti s klimatickými podmienkami na Slovensku v rokoch 2012–2016. Materiál a metódy: Analýzu sme realizovali na základe údajov poskytnutých Epidemiologickým informačným systémom a Slovenským hydrometeorologickým ústavom. Sledovaný súbor tvorilo 639 pacientov s potvrdenou diagnózou. Výsledky: Najvyšší výskyt KE bol zaznamenaný v roku 2016. Najvyššia štandardizovaná chorobnosť KE bola v okresoch Trenčianskeho, Žilinského a Banskobystrického kraja. Vzťah KE k teplote vzduchu ukázal, že najviac prípadov KE bolo zaznamenaných pri teplote vzduchu 10–20 °C v mesiacoch máj až október v rokoch 2012–2016. Vzťah medzi teplotou vzduchu a počtom dní so snehovou pokrývkou a počtom prípadov KE sa preukázal ako štatisticky významný (p-hodnota < 0,001). Existuje štatistický významný rozdiel v priemernom počte prípadov ochorenia podľa kategórie teploty vzduchu (p-hodnota = 0,03). Toto ochorenie sa vyskytuje najmä v okresoch s nadmorskou výškou 200–400 m n. m. Dynamika KE na Slovensku je dvojvrcholová s poklesom v auguste. Hlavná sezóna ochorenia trvá od mája do októbra, pričom vrcholí počas letných mesiacov jún a júl. Záver: Výsledky štúdie poukazujú na prognózu vývoja ochorenia v súvislosti s teplotou vzduchu. Na základe zistení, že v posledných rokoch pozorujeme na Slovensku mierne stúpajúci trend KE v dôsledku klimatických zmien, je toto ochorenie považované za pretrvávajúci problém verejného zdravia.
Objectives: The main aim of our work was to analyse the development of the dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in connection with climatic conditions in Slovakia in 2012–2016. Material and Methods: We performed the analysis based on the data provided by the Epidemiological Information System and the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. The study group consisted of 639 patients with confirmed diagnosis. Results: The highest incidence of TBE was recorded in 2016. The highest standardized incidence rate of TBE was in the districts of the Trenčín, Žilina and Banská Bystrica regions. The relation of TBE to air temperature showed that most cases of TBE were recorded at an air temperature of 10–20 °C during the months of May to October in 2012–2016. The relationship between air temperature and number of days with snow cover and the number of TBE cases proved to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). There is a statistically significant difference in the average number of disease cases according to the air temperature category (p-value = 0.03). This disease occurs mainly in districts with an altitude of 200–400 m a. s. l. The dynamics of TBE in Slovakia is two-peaked with a decline in August. The main season of the disease lasts from May to October, peaking during the summer months of June and July. Conclusion: The results of the study point to a prognosis of the development of the disease in connection with air temperature. Based on the findings that in recent years we have observed a slightly increasing trend of TBE in Slovakia due to climate change, this disease is considered a persistent public health problem.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meteorologické pojmy * MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The incidence and mortality of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among non-residents to countries where they occur remains unknown, warranting epidemiological research. Epidemiological data are key to inform prevention and public health policies related to TBI, as well as to help promote safe travelling practice. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological patterns of TBI-related deaths among residents and non-residents in 30 European countries in 2015 using standardised European level data on causes of death. A large-scale cross-sectional study analysing TBI-related deaths in 30 European countries in 2015 among residents and non-residents to the country of occurrence of the death was conducted. Data from death certificates collected on European level by Eurostat were used to calculate the numbers of TBI-related deaths and estimate crude and age-standardised mortality rates. Rates were stratified by country, sex, age-group and by resident status. External causes of the injury were determined using the provided ICD-10 codes. 40,087 TBI-related deaths were identified; overall about 3% occurred among non-residents with highest proportions in Turkey (11%), Luxembourg (9%) and Cyprus (5%). Taking into account tourism intensity in the countries, Bulgaria, Greece and Austria showed highest rates of TBI-related deaths in non-residents: 0.7,0.5 and 0.5 per million overnight stays, respectively. The pooled age-standardised TBI-related mortality in non-residents was 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.3), among residents 10.4 (95% CI 9.4-11.5) per 100,000. In non-residents, TBI-related deaths were shifted to younger populations (86% in < 35 years); in non-residents 78% were 15-64 years old. Falls were predominant among residents (47%), and traffic accidents among non-residents (36%). Male:female ratio was higher among non-residents (3.9), compared to residents (2.1). Extrapolating our findings, we estimate that annually 1022 TBI-related deaths would occur to non-residents in the EU-27 + UK and 1488 in Europe as a continent. We conclude, that the primary populations at risk of TBI-related deaths in European countries differ in several characteristics between residents and non-residents to the country of the occurrence of death, which warrants for different approaches in prevention and safety promotion. Our findings suggest that TBI occurring in European countries among non-residents present a problem worthy of attention from public health and travel medicine professionals and should be further studied.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- traumatické poranění mozku * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kypr MeSH
- Rakousko MeSH
- Řecko MeSH
