A case of food-borne botulism occurred in Slovakia in 2015. Clostridium botulinum type A was isolated from three nearly empty commercial hummus tubes. The product, which was sold in Slovakia and the Czech Republic, was withdrawn from the market and a warning was issued immediately through the European Commission's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Further investigation revealed the presence of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) subtype BoNT/A3, a very rare subtype implicated in only one previous outbreak (Loch Maree in Scotland, 1922). It is the most divergent subtype of BoNT/A with 15.4% difference at the amino acid level compared with the prototype BoNT/A1. This makes it more prone to evading immunological and PCR-based detection. It is recommended that testing laboratories are advised that this subtype has been associated with food-borne botulism for the second time since the first outbreak almost 100 years ago, and to validate their immunological or PCR-based methods against this divergent subtype.
- MeSH
- botulismus diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- botulotoxiny typ A genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridium botulinum typ A genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Toxoplazmóza predstavuje v našich klimatických podmienkach jedno z najčastejších parazitárnych ochorení človeka. Laboratórna diagnostika toxoplazmózy v súčasnosti disponuje širokým spektrom metód priameho a nepriameho dôkazu pôvodcu infekcie. Cieľom tohto článku je podať prehľad o histórii objavenia pôvodcu toxoplazmózy, o tom ako sa postupne vyvíjali a zdokonaľovali laboratórne diagnostické metódy. Hlavný dôraz je kladený na súčasné možnosti diagnostiky Toxoplasma gondii, predovšetkým na sérologickú diagnostiku, ako aj na nové progresívne trendy s využitím techník molekulárnej biológie.
Under Central European climatic conditions, toxoplasmosis is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. A wide range of methods for both direct and indirect detection of the causative agent are currently available for the laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The purpose of the article is to review the history of the discovery of the causative agent of toxoplasmosis and how laboratory diagnostic methods were developed and improved. The main emphasis is placed on current options in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii, more precisely on the serodiagnosis and new trends in molecular biology-based techniques.
One-thousand eight-hundreds forty-five individuals were examined for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, 31.3 % prevalence of them being found by using the complement fixation test as a screening method. The determined total antibodies were present mainly in low titers which show evidence of past or latent infection. The acute stage of toxoplasmosis by the detection of specific IgM and IgA was diagnosed. The occurrence of acute toxoplasmosis in the healthy population is very low and presents only at 0.3 %. There was no significant difference between genders (p = 0.232), but significant differences in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis depending on age (p < 0.001) and regions (p = 0.007) were found.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoglobulin A krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin M krev MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- komplement fixační testy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Toxoplasma imunologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
