Objectives: This study aimed to assess the associations between loneliness and the frequency of substance use and problematic Internet use (PIU) in different age groups. Methods: Data were collected in April 2021 from a sample of 1,293 participants with main characteristics close to a nationally representative sample (mean age = 50.1 ± 15.4 years; 56% male). We measured loneliness with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TILS), PIU with the General Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS-2) and the frequency of drugs, alcohol, smoking or caffeine consumption. Spearman's correlation, the t-test, and one-way and multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: In our study, 43.8% of respondents reported moderate to severe levels of loneliness. Loneliness was associated with the severity of PIU [F (3, 1,277) = 15.25, p < 0.001], with higher loneliness corresponding to higher PIU. No significant relationship was found between loneliness and drugs, alcohol, smoking or caffeine consumption. Conclusion: Regardless of age, loneliness is associated with PIU but not with the frequency of substance use. Professional help for lonely people should focus on problematic Internet use in all age groups.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- internet MeSH
- kofein MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- návykové chování * epidemiologie MeSH
- osamocení MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie MeSH
- používání internetu MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Exposure to traumatic events in childhood, including bullying, can negatively affect physical and mental health in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in different sociodemographic groups of the Slovak Republic and to assess the moderating effect of bullying on the associations between childhood trauma, resilience, and the later occurrence of psychopathology. METHODS: For the analyses, a representative sample of the population of the Slovak Republic was used (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the predictive ability of childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and resilience (The Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) to explain psychopathology (The Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI-53). Bullying (The Adverse Childhood Experiences - International Questionnaire, ACE-IQ) was used as a moderator. RESULTS: In total, 13.5% of respondents have experienced bullying. The most common form of bullying was making fun of someone because of how their body or face looked (46.7%) and excluding someone from activities or ignoring them (36.5%). Higher scores in all types of psychopathology and the Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly associated with higher scores of emotional and sexual abuse, and some of them with physical neglect. The protective effect of resilience was moderated by bullying in several types of psychopathology, specifically in somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, psychoticism, and the GSI. CONCLUSION: Understanding the links between childhood trauma, bullying, and later psychopathology can help professionals target policies, resources, and interventions to support children and families at risk. Every child should feel accepted and safe at home and school.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604324.].
- Publikační typ
- tisková chyba MeSH
Objective: This study examined the willingness to get vaccinated and the factors influencing this attitude in extreme settings-in the Czech Republic (at the time of the survey, the third-worst affected country in the world). Methods: We used national data from the general adult Czech population (N = 1,401) and measured attitudes towards vaccination, sociodemographic characteristics, government trust, knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines, personal characteristics, depression and anxiety. Results: Respondents who were more likely to refuse the vaccine were: female, younger, living without a partner, self-employed or unemployed, living in a town, believers outside the church, and did not trust the government, obtained information about the vaccine from social media, were extroverts and depressed. Conversely, respondents who were less likely to refuse the vaccine were: pensioners, people with higher education, respondents with better real knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccines, those who obtained information about the vaccine from an expert and those who had higher scores in neuroticism. Conclusion: This study thus offers a deeper understanding of the factors that might influence vaccine intention and subsequently the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- úzkost epidemiologie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Compassion is a psychological construct that has received increasing attention in recent years. Even though a lot of work has been done to identify neural correlates of empathy across studies, such work has not been properly done on neural correlates of compassion. Therefore, the aim was to systematically review the literature on neural correlates of compassion. We have searched through PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published between 1985 and 2020. We included the studies (n = 35) examining the relationship between brain structure or function and compassion. Screening was performed by two authors, between whom a level of agreement was calculated. The quality of the studies was assessed by measures used in other studies as well by measures specific for our study aims. This study was conducted under PRISMA guidelines. Our analysis revealed that the most frequent neural associations with compassion across all analysed studies can be found in the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, in the right cerebellum, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, in the bilateral insula and the right caudate nucleus. Our findings suggest that people displaying a lower compassion tend to have either lower neural activity or a grey matter volume in neural areas associated with reward.
- MeSH
- empatie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku * MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- mozková kůra fyziologie MeSH
- šedá hmota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions, mainly social distancing, had an impact on the mental health of various groups, including adolescents. METHODS: The main goal of our study was to explore the impact of gender, age, resilience (measured using the Brief Resilience Scale), attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance (both measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Scale for adolescents), and mental and general health (measured using items of SF-8 Health Survey) on COVID anxiety (measured using the COVID Anxiety Scale) among a sample of Slovak adolescents (N = 1,786, age 15 to 19, mean age = 16.8, SD = 1.2). The data were collected online between 13 April and 24 May 2021. RESULTS: Four nested linear regression models were fitted to the data and evaluated. The significant predictors that had a greater effect than our smallest effect size of interest (β = 0.10) were gender (β = -0.26, p < 0.001, where boys had lower scores in COVID anxiety), general and mental health (β = -0.13 and β = -0.14, respectively, both with p < 0.001), resilience (β = -0.12, p < 0.001), and attachment avoidance (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). Similarly, age and attachment anxiety were significant predictors with a lower effect size (β = 0.06, p = 0.003, and β = 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION: Our results are in line with previous research findings highlighting the importance of prevention and interventions programs focused mainly on preventing loneliness and social disconnection, fostering secure attachment with parents and peers, and increasing the resilience of adolescents, especially in the stressful time of a pandemic, to promote their mental health.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cieľ: V genéze väčšiny duševných porúch sa uplatňuje kombinácia hereditárnych dispozícií a nepriaznivých faktorov prostredia. Cieľom tejto práce bolo zistiť asociácie medzi rôznymi formami zlého zaobchádzania v detstve a dlhotrvajúcou úzkosťou v populácii a poruchami zo spektra neurotických, stresových a somatoformných porúch v dospelosti. Súbor a metodika: Z reprezentatívnej vzorky ČR (n = 1800, 48,7 % mužov, priemerný vek 46,61) boli vybraní: (A) subjektívne "zdraví" respondenti (n = 405, 58 % mužov, priemerný vek 36,54 ? 14,45) a (B) respondenti, ktorí subjektívne udávali dlhodobo úzkosť (n = 125, 32,8 % mužov, priemerný vek 40, 51 ? 12,71). Klinickú vzorku (C) tvorili pacienti zo spektra neurotických, stresových a somatoformných porúch (F 40-48) (n = 73, 27,4 % mužov, priemerný vek 40,51 ? 12,71). Respondenti v štandardizovanom interview odpovedali na nasledovné dotazníky: dotazník Trauma z dětství (CTQ), otázky na dlhotrvajúce zdravotné ťažkosti (vrátane úzkosti), Dotazník Prožívání blízkých vztahů (ECR-R-16), Stručná škála resilience (BRS) a vybrané otázky na anxietu v rámci Stručného Inventáře příznaků (BSI-53). Výsledky: Respondenti z populačnej vzorky, udávajúci emočné týranie a emočné a fyzické zanedbávanie mali aj po zohľadnení veku a pohlavia vyššie riziko, že budú trpieť dlhotrvajúcou úzkosťou. Všetky formy zlého zaobchádzania boli asociované so zvýšeným rizikom výskytu klinicky diagnostikovanej poruchy zo spektra neurotických, stresových a somatoformných porúch oproti populácii, ktorá neudávala žiadne ťažkosti, ale aj oproti populácii udávajúcej úzkosť. Riziko výskytu dlhotrvajúcej úzkosti v populačnej vzorke a klinicky diagnostikovanej poruchy zostalo štatisticky významné aj po zohľadnení vzťahovej úzkostnosti, vzťahovej vyhýbavosti a resiliencie. Záver: Významné asociácie medzi zlým zaobchádzaním v detstve a dlhotrvajúcou úzkosťou v populačnej vzorke a výskytom porúch zo spektra neurotických, stresových a somatoformných porúch v dospelosti poukazujú na dôležitosť faktorov prostredia - špeciálne zlých skúseností s opatrujúcimi osobami v detstve - v etiopatogenéze týchto porúch a upriamujú pozornosť na možnosti prevencie a nutnosť zohľadňovať ich pri terapeutických intervenciách.
Objective: A combination of hereditary dispositions and adverse environmental factors are involved in the development of most mental disorders. The study aimed to assess associations between various forms of childhood adversity and long-term anxiety in the population and disorders from the spectrum of neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders in adulthood. eurotic, stress and somatoform disorders (F 40-48) (n = 73, 27.4% men, mean age 40.51 ? 12.71). Respondents answered the following questionnaires in a standardized interview: the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised questionnaire (ECR-R-16), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and selected questions on anxiety within the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53). Results: Respondents from the population sample reporting emotional abuse and emotional and physical neglect had even higher odds of suffering from long-term anxiety, after adjusting for age and gender. All forms of childhood adversity were associated with increased risk of clinically diagnosed disorder from the spectrum of neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders compared to the population which did not report any difficulties but also compared to the population reporting anxiety. The risk of long-term anxiety in the population sample and the sample with a clinically diagnosed disorder remained statistically significant even after adjusting for attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and resilience. Conclusion: Significant associations between childhood adversity and long-term anxiety in the population sample and the occurrence of disorders in the spectrum of neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders in adulthood point to the importance of environmental factors - especially adverse experiences with child caregivers - in the aetiopathogenesis of the disorders and prevention and highlight the possibilities of prevention and the need to consider them in therapeutic interventions.
- MeSH
- dospělí s anamnézou domácího násilí nebo sexuálního zneužívání v dětství * psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- připoutání k objektu MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- úzkost etiologie psychologie MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy * etiologie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Long-term isolation, including lockdowns and quarantines, may have a distressing effect on anyone experiencing it. Adolescent brain architecture is very sensitive to environmental adversities, and the mental health development of adolescents may be particularly vulnerable during the pandemic era. In order to better understand the triggers for perceived adolescent stress (PSS) during the COVID-19 lockdown, the present study aimed to assess the effects of social well-being and changes in time use during the lockdown, as well as the family COVID experience of adolescents. METHODS: The sample for this study comprised n = 3,440 adolescents (54.2% girls; mean age = 13.5 ± 1.6 years). Bayesian correlations between PSS, health and well-being variables were assessed. PSS was then modeled as an outcome variable in a series of nested Bayesian multilevel regression models. RESULTS: The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown was more apparent in girls. PSS was moderately correlated with adolescent health and well-being. The strongest predictor of higher level of PSS was frequent feeling of loneliness. On the contrary, lower level of PSS was most associated with having someone to talk to. CONCLUSION: Long-term social isolation of adolescents could be harmful to their mental health. Psychological coping strategies to prevent the consequences of social isolation and development of mental health problems should be promoted on the individual, family, and even community level.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The abuse and neglect of a child is a major public health problem with serious psychosocial, health and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between various types of childhood trauma, selected long-term diseases and alcohol and nicotine use disorder in Czech and Slovak representative samples. METHODS: Data on retrospective reporting about selected long-term diseases, alcohol and nicotine use disorder (CAGE Questionnaire) and childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ) in two representative samples (Czech sample: n = 1800, 48.7% men, mean age 46.61 ± 17.4; Slovak sample: n = 1018, 48.7% men, mean age: 46.2 ± 16.6) was collected. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between childhood maltreatment and long-term diseases. RESULTS: There is a higher occurrence of some long-term diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, allergy, asthma) and alcohol and nicotine use disorder in the Czech sample; however, in the Slovak sample the associations between child maltreatment and long-term diseases are stronger overall. Emotional abuse predicts the occurrence of all the studied long-term diseases, and the concurrent occurrence of emotional abuse and neglect significantly predicts the reporting of most diseases. All types of childhood trauma were strong predictors of reporting the occurrence of three or more long-term diseases. CONCLUSION: The extent of reporting childhood trauma and associations with long-term diseases in the Czech and Slovak population is a challenge for the strengthening of preventive and therapeutic programmes in psychosocial and psychiatric care for children and adolescents to prevent later negative consequences on health.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství * MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Objectives: The aim of the study is to explore parents' reasons for not acquiring remote microphones that would compensate for their child's hearing loss and why some children do not use these devices even after they are purchased. Background: The benefit of remote microphones for better understanding speech has been proven by multiple studies. Consistent with the research, there is an official recommendation that all children who are hard of hearing should be considered as potential candidates for remote microphone systems in classrooms in Western countries, but in the Czech Republic, only a relatively small number of children use them. Therefore, it is important to focus on the reasons why parents do not buy such devices for their child and why some children do not use an already acquired device. Methods: Data from 41 semi-structured interviews were collected and analysed using the DIPEx methodology (personal experiences of health and illness), which involves rigorous analysis of narrative interviews of people with particular conditions chosen to represent the widest practicable range of experiences. Results: Parents report multiple barriers to buying remote microphones: insecurity about the right moment, financial reasons, a lack of information and the child's refusal to use them. The reasons why children do not use such devices despite their being purchased are the reluctance of children and teachers and the low perceived benefit of remote microphones. Conclusions: These barriers have to be taken into consideration by audiologists, policymakers and other stakeholders when addressing medical, educational and social systems supporting children who are hard of hearing as well as their families. Socio-political measures, improved systems of support for children who are hard of hearing and direct work with families can reduce these barriers.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
