This review deals with a survey of analytical methods for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. Since high concentrations of this simple compound may cause diseases connected with oxidative stress like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and Alzheimer disease, its monitoring is very essential. Therefore, cheap, sensitive, selective and fast electrochemical methods are desirable for its detection. Various electrode materials based on carbon, silver, gold and platinum are described here, as well as their applications to analysis of various samples. Biosensing applications with ultramicroelectrodes allow one to detect H2O2 directly in cells which helps to understand in depth their oxidative stress and other processes connected with the production of hydrogen peroxide.
The transcription start points of the penicillin biosynthesis genes from Penicillium chrysogenum were mapped using the primer extension method. For each of the three genes consensus sequences of the core promoter elements were identified, supporting the notion that the basal transcription of these genes is mediated separately. Interestingly, transcription start of the pcbC gene is located within the potential Inr element with no TATA box-like sequence being found at expected position. This is in contrast to pcbAB and penDE genes with proposed TATA boxes or even to Aspergillus nidulans ipnA (pcbC) gene indicating possible differences in basal transcription regulation. Using the quantitative RT-PCR analysis the expression of all three biosynthesis genes was monitored in both the high and low production strain of P. chrysogenum during a 3-d cultivation under production conditions. The differences were found between the strains in time regulation and transcript levels of the biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, we showed that the effect of higher gene dosage on productivity in the production strain is amplified by more efficient transcription of the biosynthesis genes with the RNA levels approximately 37- and 12-times higher, respectively, than in a low production strain.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fungální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- peniciliny biosyntéza MeSH
- Penicillium chrysogenum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u hub MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a relatively rare disease worldwide. Over the past 10 years, five cases of AK were reported in Slovakia. Four preserved Slovak strains and one strain from the Czech Republic isolated from corneal scrapes of patients with AK are characterised in this study. Genotype identification of isolates is based on sequences of the PCR amplimer GTSA.B1 amplified from 18S ribosomal DNA. A strain isolated from the first patient in 1999 was classified as a rare sequence type T15. This is just the second report in which genotype T15 has been associated with AK. The other three Slovak strains were identified as belonging to the most common genotype T4. The only strain originating from the Czech Republic was classified as sporadically appearing sequence type T3. All isolates were also studied for their temperature tolerance and growth characteristics. The cythopatic effect was tested in vitro on Vero cell cultures.
- MeSH
- Acanthamoeba klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- akantamébová keratitida parazitologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- geny rRNA MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- protozoální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA protozoální genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- rohovka parazitologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
A DNA fragment containing part of the salinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from industrial strain Streptomyces albus CCM 4719 was cloned. Sequence analysis of the 25.809-kbp fragment revealed the presence of 8 open reading frames (ORFs), including two large ORFs encoding three modular sets of oligoketide synthase, followed by three genes (salRI, salRII, salRIII) encoding transcriptional regulators. The first two regulators, SalRI and SalRII, belonged to the novel LAL family of large transcriptional regulators. SalRIII was highly similar to the NysRIV, AmphRIV, and FscRI transcriptional regulators from the oligoene macrolides nystatin, amphotericin, and R008/candicidin clusters, respectively.
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- genomová knihovna MeSH
- klonování DNA metody MeSH
- otevřené čtecí rámce genetika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody využití MeSH
- pyrany izolace a purifikace MeSH
- regulační geny genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody využití MeSH
- Streptomyces genetika izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
