Proximal 6q deletions have a milder phenotype than middle and distal 6q deletions. We describe 2 patients with non-overlapping deletions of about 15 and 19 Mb, respectively, which subdivide the proximal 6q region into 2 parts. The aberrations were identified using karyotyping and analysed using mBAND and array CGH. The unaffected mother of the first patient carried a mosaic karyotype with the deletion in all metaphases analysed and a small supernumerary marker formed by the deleted material in about 77% of cells. Her chromosome 6 centromeric signal was split between the deleted chromosome and the marker, suggesting that this deletion arose through the centromere fission mechanism. In this family the location of the proximal breakpoint in the centromere prevented cloning of the deletion junction, but the junction of the more distal deletion in the second patient was cloned and sequenced. This analysis showed that the latter aberration was most likely caused by non-homologous end joining. The second patient also had a remarkably more severe phenotype which could indicate a partial overlap of his deletion with the middle 6q interval. The phenotypes of both patients could be partly correlated with the gene content of their deletions and with phenotypes of other published patients.
- MeSH
- chromozomální delece MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- karyotyp MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 6 genetika MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- pruhování chromozomů MeSH
- srovnávací genomová hybridizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Due to endogamy, the Roma have a higher risk for autosomal recessive (AR) disorders. We used homozygosity mapping on single-nucleotide polymorphism chips in one Czech Roma consanguineous family with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). The second largest homozygous region in a deaf patient was mapped to the previously reported DFNB49 region. The MARVELD2 gene was recently reported as a causal gene for NSHL DFNB49. Sequencing of the MARVELD2 gene revealed a previously reported homozygous mutation c.1331+2 T>C (IVS4 + 2 T>C) in the deaf child. Subsequently, the same mutation was found in two more Roma families from an additional 19 unrelated Czech Roma patients with deafness tested for the MARVELD2 gene. To explore the importance of MARVELD2 mutations and DFNB49 for the general Czech and Central European population with early hearing loss we also tested 40 unrelated Czech patients with AR NSHL. No pathogenic mutation in the MARVELD2 gene was found in a group of 40 Czech non-Roma patients. Mutations in the MARVELD2 gene seem to be a significant cause of early NSHL in Czech Roma and this gene should be tested in this group of patients after GJB2.
- MeSH
- etnicita genetika MeSH
- geny recesivní genetika MeSH
- hluchota genetika patologie MeSH
- homozygot MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MARVELD2 protein genetika MeSH
- mutační analýza DNA MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl práce: Zhodnotit přítomnost exprese genů PAX5 a Shb ve tkáni povrchových uroteliálních karcinomů močového měchýře, posoudit její korelaci s patologií genu p53 a uvážit prognostický význam jednotlivých faktorů. Pacienti a metodika: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 61 pacientů s histologicky prokázaným povrchovým uroteliálním karcinomem močového měchýře. Exprese mRNA genů PAX5 a Shb ve tkáni nádoru byla detekována pomocí reverzní polymerázové řetězové reakce (RT-PCR) a výsledek byl vyjádřen semikvantitativně. Přítomnost mutací p53 byla zachycena pomocí SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) a potvrzena sekvenováním. K imunohistochemickému vyšetření p53 byla použita protilátka DO1, k vyjádření výsledku bylo použito semikvantitativní hodnocení pomocí HSCORE (HS). Kontrolní skupinu pro posouzení PAX5 a Shb exprese tvořilo 8 mužů, u kterých byl vzorek urotelu odebrán během operace pro benigní hyperplazií prostaty. Výsledky: Přítomnost exprese PAX5 a Shb byla prokázána u 50, respektive 52 pacientů s uroteliálním nádorem, ale u žádného z kontrolní skupiny. Mutace p53 byla zachycena u jediného pacienta s tumorem pTaG2 a byla lokalizována v exonu 5 (delece prolinu 128). Jaderná imunoreaktivita p53 byla přítomna u většiny pacientů, při použití prahové hodnoty HS 200 mělo 56,9 % nemocných pozitivní nález. Kvantita imunohistochemické pozitivity p53 nekorelovala s kvantitou exprese PAX5. Při použití prahových hodnot HS 200 pro p53 a 0,2 pro PAX5 mělo z 8 progredujících pacientů 7 nadprahovou hodnotu HS a 4 nadprahovou hodnotu PAX5. Závěr: Exprese genu PAX5 je častým nálezem u povrchových uroteliálních karcinomů močového měchýře.
The objective of the work: To evaluate the presence of the PAX5 and Shb genes expression in the tissue of superficial urotelial urinary bladder cancers, to judge its correlation with the p53 gene pathology and to consider the prognostic value of individual factors. Patients and Method: 61 patients with histologically proven superficial urotelial bladder cancer were included into the study. The mRNA expression of PAX5 and Shb genes in the cancer tissue was detected by the reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and the result was expressed semiquantitatively. The presence of p53 mutations was recorded by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and confirmed by sequening. The immunohistological examination of p53 was made by using DO1 antibody and the result was expressed using semiquantitative evaluation by HSCORE (HS). 8 men created the control group for PAX5 and Shb expression evaluation. Their urotel sample was withdrawn during the operation of benign prostate hyperplasia. Results: The presence of PAX5 and Shb expression was proven in 50, let us say in 52 patients with urotelial cancer, but it was not proven in anybody of the control group. p53 mutation was recorded in one patient with pTaG2 tumour and it was localised in 5 exon (proline 128 deletion). Nuclear immunoreactivity of p53 was present in the majority of patients, 56,9% of patients had positive finding using the threshold value HS 200. The quantity of p53 immunohistochemical positivity did not correlate with the quantity of PAX5 expression. Using the threshold values of HS 200 for p53 and 0,2 for PAX5 the 7 of 8 progressing patients had supra-threshold HS value and 4 of them had supra-threshold PAX5 value. Conclusion: The PAX5 gene expression is an often finding in superficial urotelial urinary bladder cancers.
