In 2011-2012, a survey was performed in three regional hospitals in the Czech Republic to determine the incidence of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) and to characterize bacterial isolates. C. difficile isolates were characterized by PCR ribotyping, toxin genes detection, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to fidaxomicin, vancomycin, metronidazole, clindamycin, LFF571, and moxifloxacin using agar dilution method. The incidence of CDI in three studied hospitals was 145, 146, and 24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2011 and 177, 258, and 67 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2012. A total of 64 isolates of C. difficile was available for molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 60.9% of the isolates were classified as ribotype 176. All 41 isolates of ribotypes 176 and 078 were positive for the presence of binary toxin genes. Ribotype 176 also carried 18-bp deletion in the regulatory gene tcdC. Tested isolates of C. difficile were fully susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole, whereas 65.1% of the isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin. MLVA results indicated that isolates from three different hospitals were genetically related, suggesting transmission between healthcare facilities.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny analýza genetika MeSH
- Clostridioides difficile klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klostridiové infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minisatelitní repetice MeSH
- molekulární typizace * MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- ribotypizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of urological malignancies in MS patients using active screening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 495 MS patients (141 men, 354 women, age of 42±13.4) were included in the study. The duration of disease was 12.3±11 years, and the EDSS score was 4.3 (±2.5). Patients, regardless of specific urological symptoms, were referred for urological evaluation. The outcomes of these evaluations were compared with data from the 2009 National Oncology Register of the Czech Republic. RESULTS: The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for the whole MS study population was 38.8 (95% CI 12.6-90.6). This incidence of urological malignancies in the MS study population was higher (statistically significant) than that of the general population. The SIR for females was 66.0 (95% CI 18.0-169.1) in the MS study population, representing a statistically significant increase over that of the general female population. The increase in incidence of urological malignancies in men with MS did not reach statistical significance over that of the general male population (SIR 14.7, 95% CI 0.4-81.7). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of urological cancer in MS patients as determined by active screening is significantly higher than that found in general population.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza komplikace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- urologické nádory epidemiologie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIM: Water-aided insertion as an alternative colonoscopy technique reduces patient discomfort. Warm water has been used in most published trials, but the use of cool water is easier and, if equally effective, could support the use of the water-aided technique in routine practice. METHOD: A double-blind, randomized, single-centre study was performed in which 201 patients were randomized to either cool (20-24 °C) or warm (37 °C) water immersion insertion. The primary outcome was caecal intubation time. The success rate of minimal sedation and patient discomfort were also assessed. RESULTS: The caecal intubation time for cool and warm water was similar (6.9 ± 3.5 vs 7.0 ± 3.4 min, P = 0.64). The respective success rates of minimal sedation colonoscopy (89.1% vs 90%, P = 1.00) and discomfort (P = 0.51) were no different. All other outcomes except a greater need for abdominal compression in the cool water arm (P = 0.04) were similar including the total procedure time, terminal ileum intubation rate, adenoma detection, length of the inserted scope, water volume, non-standard position rate, difficulty of the procedure and the patient's temperature sensation. CONCLUSION: The use of cool water did not modify the caecal intubation time compared with warm water. Exception for abdominal compression, all other end-points were no different. Cool water immersion is an alternative to the technically more demanding warm water immersion colonoscopy.
- MeSH
- bolesti břicha etiologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cékum MeSH
- délka operace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hypnotika a sedativa aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- katetrizace * MeSH
- kolonoskopie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- teplota * MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy metody normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- registrace využití MeSH
- terapie metody normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic epidemiologie mortalita terapie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
- bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
- bronchitida prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- faryngitida prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
