1. vydání xiv, 275 stran : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 21 cm
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
Tento článek se zaměřuje na aktuální a komplexní přehled o stroke mimics (SM), jež představují výzvu pro diferenciální diagnostiku vzhledem k širokému spektru jejich příznaků podobných CMP. Uvádíme stručná epidemiologická data, klinický obraz a čtyři prediktivní škály vyvinuté pro diagnostiku SM, které byly identifikovány na základě literární rešerše: TeleStroke Mimic Score (TSM), FABS, simplified FABS (sFABS) a Khan score. Tyto validované nástroje mohou podpořit rychlé a efektivní rozhodování o léčbě v prostředí urgentního příjmu s cílem minimalizovat zpoždění v poskytování adekvátní péče pacientům s CMP. Rádi bychom upozornili na význam správného rozpoznání SM s ohledem na časovou citlivost rekanalizační léčby, důrazem na optimalizaci léčby a management pacientů s akutně vzniklými neurologickými příznaky.
The article presents a current and comprehensive review of stroke mimics (SM), which represent a challenge for differential diagnosis due to their wide range of similar symptoms with strokes. It delves into the brief epidemiology, clinical features, and four predictive scales for SM diagnosis, which were identified on the basis of a literature search: TeleStroke Mimic Score (TSM), FABS, simplified FABS (sFABS), and Khan score. These validated tools might support rapid and efficient decision-making regarding treatment in an emergency department setting with the goal of minimizing delays in providing adequate care to patients with stroke. We would like to highlight the importance of correct identification of SM given the time sensitivity of revascularization treatment, with a focus on optimizing treatment and management of patients with acute onset of neurological symptoms.
- Klíčová slova
- stroke mimics,
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda diagnóza patologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému * diagnóza epidemiologie klasifikace patologie MeSH
- neurologické manifestace MeSH
- neurologické vyšetření klasifikace MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Collaterals improve recanalization in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate it, an in vitro flow model of the middle cerebral artery was developed with or without collaterals. An occlusion was achieved using human blood clots. Recanalization time, thrombolysis (clot length decrease and red blood cell (RBC) release), pressure gradient across the clot and clot compaction were measured. Results showed that with or without collateral alteplase-treated RBC dominant clots showed recanalization time 98±23 min vs 130±35 min (difference 32 min, 95% CI -6-58 min), relative clot reduction 31.8±14.9% vs 30.3±13.2% (difference 1.5%, 95% CI 10.4-13.4%) and RBC release 0.30±0.07 vs 0.27±0.09 (difference 0.03, 95% CI 0.04-0.10). Similar results were observed with fibrin-dominant clots. In RBC dominant clots, the presence vs absence of collateral caused different pressure gradients across the clot 0.41±0.09 vs 0.70±0.09 mmHg (difference 0.29 mmHg, 95% CI -0.17-0.41 mmHg), and caused the reduction of initial clot compaction by 5%. These findings align with observations in patients, where collaterals shortened recanalization time. However, collaterals did not increase thrombolysis. Instead, they decreased the pressure gradient across the clot, resulting in less clot compaction and easier distal displacement of the clot.
- MeSH
- arteria cerebri media účinky léků patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- erytrocyty účinky léků MeSH
- fibrinolytika terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- kolaterální oběh * účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tkáňový aktivátor plazminogenu terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- trombolytická terapie metody MeSH
- trombóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
3rd edition xvii, 611 stran : ilustrace (převážně barevné) ; 25 cm
A university textbook that focuses on human anatomy.
- Klíčová slova
- angličtina, latina,
- MeSH
- anatomie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- vysokoškolské kvalifikační práce MeSH
Cévní mozková příhoda je jednou z nejčastějších příčin získané disability. Představuje závažný socioekonomický problém, který může mít závažný dopad na různé oblasti života. Včasná a dostatečně intenzivní rehabilitace po CMP významně přispívá k optimálním funkčním výsledkům a zlepšení kvality života pacientů. Nové neurorehabilitační přístupy založené na technologiích a virtuální realitě (VR) umožňují navrhnout individualizovaný intenzivní rehabilitační trénink a zlepšit motorické učení prostřednictvím multimodální zpětné vazby. Rehabilitace ve VR je vysoce motivující terapie s řadou výhod pro pacienta a zvyšuje také compliance pacienta k terapii. Představuje bezpečnou formu terapie a po náležitém edukování pacienta není nezbytně nutná fyzická přítomnost fyzioterapeuta. Díky tomu je možné využití VR v domácím cvičení a telerehabilitaci. Cílem tohoto přehledového článku je poskytnout aktuální poznatky a stručné informace o neurorehabilitaci po CMP založené na VR s důrazem na na MDR (medical device regulation) certifikovaný VR rehabilitační zdravotnický prostředek, který byl vyvinut ve spolupráci FN Ostrava a společnosti VR Life.
Stroke is one of the most common causes of acquired disability. It represents a major socio-economic problem that can have a serious impact on different areas of life. Early and sufficiently intensive rehabilitation after stroke contributes significantly to optimal functional outcomes and improves the quality of life of the patients. New neurorehabilitation approaches based on technology and virtual reality (VR) make it possible to design individualized intensive rehabilitation training and improve motor learning through multimodal feedback. Rehabilitation in VR is a highly motivating therapy with many benefits for the patient. It also increases patient compliance to therapy. It is a safe form of therapy and after proper education of the patient, the physical presence of a physiotherapist is not necessarily required. This makes the use of VR in home exercise and telerehabilitation possible. The aim of this review article is to provide up-to-date knowledge and brief information on VR-based neurorehabilitation after stroke, with emphasis on the medical device regulation (MDR)-certified VR interface, which was developed in collaboration between the University Hospital Ostrava and VR Life.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given the paucity of high-quality safety/efficacy data on acute stroke therapies in patients with premorbid disability, they risk being routinely excluded from such therapies. We examined utilization of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), associated workflow, and poststroke outcomes among patients with vs without premorbid disability. METHODS: We used national registry data on thrombolysis/EVT for the Czech Republic from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. Premorbid disability was defined as prestroke modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) ≥3. We compared proportions of patients with vs without premorbid disability who received EVT and examined workflow times. We compared ΔmRS-change in mRS from prestroke to 3 months-in patients with vs without premorbid disability, in addition to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), mortality, and discharge NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score), adjusting for age, sex, baseline NIHSS, and comorbidities, and verified using propensity score weighting (PSW) and matching for differences in treatment assignment. We stratified by age group (<65, 65-74, 75-84, ≥85 years) to explore outcome heterogeneity with vs without premorbid disability. RESULTS: Among 22,405 patients with ischemic stroke who received thrombolysis/EVT/both, 1,712 (7.6%) had prestroke mRS ≥ 3. Patients with prestroke disability were less likely to receive EVT vs those without (10.1% vs 20.7%, aOR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.24-0.36). When treated, they had longer door-to-arterial puncture times (median: 75 minutes, IQR: 58-100 vs 54, IQR: 27-77, adjusted difference: 12.5, 95% CI 2.68-22.3). Patients with prestroke disability receiving thrombolysis/EVT/both had worse ΔmRS (adjusted rate ratio, aIRR on PSW: 1.57, 95% CI 1.43-1.72), rates of 3-month mRS 5-6, discharge NIHSS, and mortality (aOR-PSW [mortality]: 2.54, 95% CI 1.92-3.34), while ICH did not significantly differ. 32.1% of patients with prestroke disability receiving thrombolysis/EVT/both successfully returned to prestroke state, but this proportion ranged from 19.6% for those older than 85 years to 66.0% for those younger than 65 years. Regardless of premorbid disability, EVT was associated with better outcomes including lower ΔmRS (aIRR-PSW: 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.91) and mortality, with no interaction of treatment effect by premorbid disability status (e.g., mortality pinteraction = 0.73). EVT recipients with premorbid disability did not differ significantly for several outcomes including ΔmRS (aIRR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.84-1.17) but were more likely to have 3-month mRS 5-6 (70.1% vs 39.5% without premorbid disability, aOR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.12-3.04). DISCUSSION: Patients with premorbid disability were less likely to receive EVT, had slower treatment times, and had worse outcomes compared with patients without premorbid disability. However, regardless of premorbid disability, patients fared better with EVT vs medical management and one-third with prestroke disability returned to their prestroke status.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The gold standard for serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) determination is the single molecule array (SIMOA), the use of which is limited by availability and cost. The VEUS method is a fully automated, user-friendly diagnostic system requiring no sample preparation, with high reported sensitivity, multiplexing capability, and rapid diagnostics. The aim of this study was to compare the SIMOA and VEUS methods for determining sNfL levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODOLOGY: A single-centre cross-sectional study was conducted at the MS Centre of University Hospital Ostrava. Patients were enrolled in the study from January 18 to January 31, 2024. Inclusion criteria were: 1) diagnosis of MS according to the revised 2017 McDonald criteria, 2) age ≥18 years, and 3) signed informed consent. The NF-light V2 diagnostic kit (SIMOA, Quanterix) and the Singleplex Neurology assay kit (VEUDx, EZDiatech) were used to determine sNfL concentrations. The two methods were compared by use of Spearman correlation, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients were included in the study, of whom 39 (79.6 %) were female. The median sNfL concentration was 7.73 (IQR 5.80-9.93) ng/L determined by SIMOA and 1.31 (IQR 1.18-1.65) ng/L by VEUS. We did not find a correlation between SIMOA and VEUS (rs = 0.025, p = 0.866). Passing-Bablok regression demonstrated a systematic and proportional difference between the two methods. A significant disagreement between them was also confirmed by the Bland-Altman plots. On average, sNfL values measured by SIMOA were 3.56 ng/L (95 % CI 0.78 to 6.34) higher than those measured by VEUS. CONCLUSION: Our investigation uncovered noteworthy disparities between the SIMOA and VEUS techniques in determining sNfL levels. Specifically, the VEUS technique systematically produces lower estimates of sNFL levels. This substantial variance emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating assay methods when quantifying sNfL.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurofilamentové proteiny * krev MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * krev diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ANNEXA-4 trial measured hemostatic efficacy of andexanet alfa in patients with major bleeding taking factor Xa inhibitors. A proportion of this was traumatic and nontraumatic intracranial bleeding. Different measurements were applied in the trial including volumetrics to assess for intracranial bleeding depending on the compartment involved. We aimed to determine the most reliable way to measure intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH) volume by comparing individual brain compartment and total ICrH volume. METHODS: Thirty patients were randomly selected from the ANNEXA-4 database to assess measurement of ICrH volume by compartment and in total. Total and compartmental hemorrhage volumes were measured by five readers using Quantomo software. Each reader measured baseline hemorrhage volumes twice separated by 1 week. Twenty-eight different ANNEXA-4 subjects were also randomly selected to assess intra-rater reliability of total ICrH volume measurement change at baseline and 12-h follow up, performed by three readers twice to assess hemostatic efficacy categories used in ANNEXA-4. RESULTS: Compartmental minimal detectable change percentages (MDC%) ranged between 9.72 and 224.13, with the greatest measurement error occurring in patients with a subdural hemorrhage. Total ICrH volume measurements had the lowest MDC%, which ranged between 6.57 and 33.52 depending on the reader. CONCLUSION: Measurement of total ICrH volumes is more accurate than volume by compartment with less measurement error. Determination of hemostatic efficacy was consistent across readers, and within the same reader, as well as when compared to consensus read. Volumetric analysis of intracranial hemostatic efficacy is feasible and reliable when using total ICrH volumes.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktor Xa * MeSH
- inhibitory faktoru Xa aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography are the gold standard in neuroimaging diagnostics in the case of suspected stroke. CT perfusion (CTP) may play an important role in the diagnosis of stroke mimics (SM), but currently, it is not a standard part of the stroke diagnostic procedure. The project is a multicentre prospective observational clinical research focused on refining the diagnostics of stroke and stroke mimics (SM) in hospital care. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the degree of specificity and sensitivity of multimodal CT (NCCT, CTA, and CTP) in the diagnosis of SM versus stroke. METHODOLOGY: In this study, we will include 3,000 patients consecutively admitted to the comprehensive stroke centres with a diagnosis of suspected stroke. On the basis of clinical parameters and the results of multimodal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of stroke and SM will be established. To clarify the significance of the use of the multimodal CT scan, the analysis will include a comparison of the blinded results for each imaging scan performed by radiologists and AI technology and a comparison of the initial and final diagnosis of the enrolled patients. Based on our results, we will compare the economic indicators and costs that would be saved by not providing inadequate treatment to patients with SM. CONCLUSION: The expected outcome is to present an optimised diagnostic procedure that results in a faster and more accurate diagnosis, thereby eliminating the risk of inadequate treatment in patients with SM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06045455.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) manifests as a change in mental status without a coma (NCSE proper) or comatose NCSE. Hypocretin-1/orexin-A (H/O) is involved in alertness and sleep maintenance. Sleep impairment and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) have a negative impact on cognitive functions and activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS: Patients meeting the NCSE criteria underwent cerebrospinal fluid and brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations, polysomnographies (PSG), multiple latency sleep tests (MSLT), and completed Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive functions, and the Barthel Index was used to assess ADL in the acute phase (V1) and three months follow-up (V2). RESULTS: From May 2020 to May 2023, we enrolled 15 patients, eight (53.3 %) women, with a median age of 69 (14) years. The median H/O CSF concentration was 250 (63.6) pg/ml; however, only three CSF samples (20 %) decreased below the borderline concentration of 200 pg/ml. Fourteen out of 15 patients (93.3 %) completed the PSG study. The median of wakefulness after sleep onset was 167 (173.5) min, sleep efficiency (SE) was 62.9 (63) %, sleep latency (SL) was 6 (32) min, REM sleep was 2.85 (7.2) %, and REM first episode latency was 210.5 (196.5) minutes. The medians of the stages N1 NREM were 4.65 (15) %, N2 NREM 68.4 (29.9) %, and N3 NREM 21.8 (35.5) %. MSLT mean latency was 7.7 (12.6) minutes. A significant negative correlation exists between H/O CSF concentrations and the stage N1 NREM (rs = -0.612, p = 0.02), and the proportion of cumulative sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90 % in total sleep time (TST) t90 (rs = -0.57, p = 0.03). MSLT had significant negative correlation with TST (rs = -0.5369, p = 0.0478), with SE (rs = -0.5897, p = 0.0265), with apnea-hypopnea index (rs = -0.7631, p = 0.0002) and with deoxygenation index (rs = -0.8009, p = 0.0006). A positive correlation exists between MSLT and SL (rs = 0.6284, p = 0.0161) and between ESS and t90 (rs = 0.9014, p = 0.0004). The correlation between H/O CSF concentrations and EDS, cognitive performance, and ADL was not proved. CONCLUSIONS: Patients after NCSE exhibited sleep impairment and excessive daytime sleepiness. Hypocretin-1/orexin-A concentrations decreased only in 20 % of these cases.
- MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- orexiny * mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- polysomnografie * MeSH
- poruchy nadměrné spavosti * mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spánek fyziologie MeSH
- status epilepticus * mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
