Článek se zabývá stručným popisem zdravotních problémů, na něž má vliv výživa. Nejčastějšími zdravotními problémy králíků se vztahem k výživě jsou onemocnění gastrointestinálního traktu (trichobezoáry, enteritidy, enterotoxemie), obezita a syndrom onemocnění dentice (a s tím související problémy). Na tyto problémy pak navazují další problémy a změny chování králíků. V závěru je stručně uvedeno správné složení krmné dávky králíků v zájmovém chovu.
The article deals with a description of the health problems affected by nutrition. The most common nutrition-related health problems in rabbits are gastrointestinal diseases (trichobezoars, enteritis, enterotoxaemia), obesity and dentition syndrome (and related problems). These problems are then followed by other problems and behavioural changes in rabbits. In conclusion, the correct composition of rabbit diets for pet rabbits is briefly outlined.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- enteropatogenní Escherichia coli MeSH
- exsudativní enteropatie etiologie veterinární MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- nemoci trávicího systému * etiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci zvířat * MeSH
- pohoda zvířat MeSH
- rostlinná strava MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) is the etiological agent of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease of global public health importance. The objective of this study was to introduce a novel in vitro protocol for isolation of T. pallidum directly from patients' clinical samples, eliminating the need for rabbit propagation. METHODS: Four oral and five genital swabs were collected from nine epidemiologically unrelated patients at two hospitals in Brno, Czech Republic. Swabs were submerged in TpCM-2 medium for transport. Samples were then placed on a 0.4 μm filters and incubated for 2.5 hours. During this period, spiral T. pallidum cells passed through the filter pores to the well containing TpCM-2 medium and rabbit feeder cells (Sf1Ep). Stable T. pallidum cultures (containing >1 × 107 treponemes) were achieved by subculturing every 7 days into fresh well. RESULTS: A successful protocol for in vitro isolation of T. pallidum was established. From the nine clinical specimens processed, six T. pallidum cultures (MU1-MU6) were derived after 14 to 112 days of cultivation. Five of these strains (MU1-MU5) belonged to SS14-like cluster and shared the same allelic profile 1.3.1. The remaining strain (MU6) was identified as a Nichols-like strain with an allelic profile 9.16.3. DISCUSSION: The introduced in vitro protocol enables isolation of T. pallidum from clinical material, including frozen samples, without the need for experimental rabbits. This method facilitates the isolation of contemporary, clinically relevant treponemal strains.
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky * metody MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohlavní orgány mikrobiologie MeSH
- syfilis * mikrobiologie diagnóza MeSH
- Treponema pallidum * izolace a purifikace genetika klasifikace MeSH
- ústa mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Free radical polymerization technique was used to formulate Poloxamer-188 based hydrogels for controlled delivery. A total of seven formulations were formulated with varying concentrations of polymer, monomer ad cross linker. In order to assess the structural properties of the formulated hydrogels, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out. To assess the effect of pH on the release of the drug from the polymeric system, drug release studies were carried in pH 1.2 and 7.4 and it was found that release of the drug was significant in pH 7.4 as compared to that of pH 1.2 which confirmed the pH responsiveness of the system. Different kinetic models were also applied to the drug release to evaluate the mechanism of the drug release from the system. To determine the safety and biocompatibility of the system, toxicity study was also carried out for which healthy rabbits were selected and formulated hydrogels were orally administered to the rabbits. The results obtained suggested that the formulated poloxamer-188 hydrogels are biocompatible with biological system and have the potential to serve as controlled drug delivery vehicles.
- MeSH
- akrylové pryskyřice * chemie MeSH
- diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- nosiče léků chemie MeSH
- poloxamer * chemie MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- termogravimetrie MeSH
- timolol * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika chemie MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations in a rabbit model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Twelve healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used, with eight in the experimental group (PTE group) and four in the control group. After developing the rabbit model of acute PTE, ECG and coronary angiography were performed. HE staining was conducted on the right and left ventricular tissues, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), and Troponin I (TNI) mRNA expression in the myocardium. There were considerable changes in the ST segment of the ECG in the PTE group. Coronary angiography revealed the absence of spasm, stenosis, and occlusion. In the plasma of the PTE group, the levels of D-dimer, BNP, TNF-?, and TNI were significantly elevated, and these changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). PCR analysis of ventricular myocardial tissue indicated significantly higher levels of BNP, TNF-?, and TNI mRNA in the PTE group than in the control group. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ST-T variations on the ECG of rabbits with acute PTE correlate strongly with the temporary changes in right heart volume caused by acute PTE. Keywords: Animal model of pulmonary embolism, B-type natriuretic peptide, Electrocardiogram, Pulmonary thromboembolism, Troponin I, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- elektrokardiografie * MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- natriuretický peptid typu B krev MeSH
- plicní embolie * patofyziologie krev MeSH
- TNF-alfa krev metabolismus genetika MeSH
- troponin I krev metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The treponemes infecting lagomorphs include Treponema paraluisleporidarum ecovar Cuniculus (TPeC) and ecovar Lepus (TPeL), infecting rabbits and hares, respectively. In this study, we described the first complete genome sequence of TPeL, isolate V3603-13, from an infected mountain hare (Lepus timidus) in Sweden. In addition, we determined 99.0% of the genome sequence of isolate V246-08 (also from an infected mountain hare, Sweden) and 31.7% of the genome sequence of isolate Z27 A77/78 (from a European hare, Lepus europeaus, The Netherlands). The TPeL V3603-13 genome had considerable gene synteny with the TPeC Cuniculi A genome and with the human pathogen T. pallidum, which causes syphilis (ssp. pallidum, TPA), yaws (ssp. pertenue, TPE) and endemic syphilis (ssp. endemicum, TEN). Compared to the TPeC Cuniculi A genome, TPeL V3603-13 contained four insertions and 11 deletions longer than three nucleotides (ranging between 6 and2,932 nts). In addition, there were 25 additional indels, from one to three nucleotides long, altogether spanning 36 nts. The number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) between TPeC Cuniculi A and TPeL V3603-13 were represented by 309 nucleotide differences. Major proteome coding differences between TPeL and TPeC were found in the tpr gene family, and (predicted) genes coding for outer membrane proteins, suggesting that these components are essential for host adaptation in lagomorph syphilis. The phylogeny revealed that the TPeL sample from the European brown hare was more distantly related to TPeC Cuniculi A than V3603-13 and V246-08.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- syfilis * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Treponema * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zajíci * mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Tento článek pojednává o chirurgickém řešení hydronefrózy (hydronefros) u zakrslého králíka. Jedná se o polymorbidního pacienta s kon kurentním mediastinálním thymomem a otitis media. Na případu našeho pacienta je popsaný laterální chirurgický přístup k nefrektomii, pooperační péče a následný vývoj zdravotního stavu.
This article describes the case of surgically treatment for hydronephrosis in a pet rabbit. Our rabbit is a polymorbidic patient with con current mediastinal thymoma and otitis media. In the case of our patient, the lateral surgical treatment for nephrectomy, postoperative care and subsequent development of overall status are described.
- MeSH
- hydronefróza * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza patologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- nefrektomie metody MeSH
- radioisotopová renografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Králík patří mezi malé nepřežvýkavé býložravce. Anatomie a fyziologie trávicího traktu králíka se liší od velkých býložravců i přežvýkavců. Trávicí trakt je uzpůsoben k příjmu rostlinné potravy s vysokým obsahem vlákniny, která pro býložravce představuje hlavní zdroj energie. Na rozdíl od přežvýkavců probíhá trávení vlákniny u králíka především v tlustém střevě a je méně efektivní. V článku jsou shrnuty informace o anatomii a fyziologii trávicího traktu králíka a popsány zvláštnosti procesu trávení. Další specifika trávicího traktu jsou popsána také u králíčat na mléčné výživě.
The rabbit is a small non-chewing herbivore. The anatomy and physiology of the digestive tract of the rabbit differs from that of large herbivores and ruminants. The digestive tract is adapted to the intake of high-fibre plant foods, which are the main source of energy for herbivores. In contrast to ruminants, fibre digestion in the rabbit takes place primarily in the large intestine and is less efficient. This article summarises the anatomy and physiology of the rabbit digestive tract and describes the peculiarities of the digestive process. Further specifics of the digestive tract are also described for rabbits on milk diets.
Liposomes are one of the most important drug delivery vectors, nowadays used in clinics. In general, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to ensure the stealth properties of the liposomes. Here, we have employed hydrophilic, biocompatible and highly non-fouling N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)-based copolymers containing hydrophobic cholesterol anchors for the surface modification of liposomes, which were prepared by the method of lipid film hydration and extrusion through 100 nm polycarbonate filters. Efficient surface modification of liposomes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and gradient ultracentrifugation. The ability of long-term circulation in the vascular bed was demonstrated in rabbits after i.v. application of fluorescently labelled liposomes. Compared to PEGylated liposomes, HPMA-based copolymer-modified liposomes did not induce specific antibody formation and did not activate murine and human complement. Compared with PEGylated liposomes, HPMA-based copolymer-modified liposomes showed a better long-circulating effect after repeated administration. HPMA-based copolymer-modified liposomes thus represent suitable new candidates for a generation of safer and improved liposomal drug delivery platforms.
- MeSH
- akrylamidy chemie MeSH
- aktivace komplementu účinky léků MeSH
- cholesterol chemie krev MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce * MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- liposomy * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly * chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antilymfocytární sérum * terapeutické užití MeSH
- aplastická anemie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- cyklosporin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunosupresiva * terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- koně MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, or epirubicin, rank among the most effective agents in classical anticancer chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity remains the main limitation of their clinical use. Topoisomerase IIβ has recently been identified as a plausible target of anthracyclines in cardiomyocytes. We examined the putative topoisomerase IIβ selective agent XK469 as a potential cardioprotective and designed several new analogs. In our experiments, XK469 inhibited both topoisomerase isoforms (α and β) and did not induce topoisomerase II covalent complexes in isolated cardiomyocytes and HL-60, but induced proteasomal degradation of topoisomerase II in these cell types. The cardioprotective potential of XK469 was studied on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, where dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved cardioprotective, was effective. Initially, XK469 prevented daunorubicin-induced toxicity and p53 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. However, it only partially prevented the phosphorylation of H2AX and did not affect DNA damage measured by Comet Assay. It also did not compromise the daunorubicin antiproliferative effect in HL-60 leukemic cells. When administered to rabbits to evaluate its cardioprotective potential in vivo, XK469 failed to prevent the daunorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in either acute or chronic settings. In the following in vitro analysis, we found that prolonged and continuous exposure of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to XK469 led to significant toxicity. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence on the effects of XK469 and its combination with daunorubicin in clinically relevant doses in cardiomyocytes. Despite its promising characteristics, long-term treatments and in vivo experiments have not confirmed its cardioprotective potential.
- MeSH
- antracykliny * toxicita terapeutické užití MeSH
- chinoxaliny * MeSH
- daunomycin toxicita terapeutické užití MeSH
- DNA-topoisomerasy typu II metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- doxorubicin toxicita MeSH
- inhibitory topoisomerasy II * toxicita terapeutické užití MeSH
- kardiotoxicita MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- protinádorová antibiotika toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
