Fungi under the order Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) are known to associate with various species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). In addition this group of fungi contains many taxa that can impart blue-stain on sapwood and some are important tree pathogens. A recent survey that focussed on the diversity of the Ophiostomatales in the forest ecosystems of the Czech Republic and Poland uncovered four putative new species. Phylogenetic analyses of four gene regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, ß-tubulin, calmodulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α) indicated that these four species are members of the genus Ophiostoma. All four newly described species can be distinguished from each other and from closely related species based on DNA sequence comparisons, morphological characters, growth rates, and their insect associations. Based on this study four new taxa can be circumscribed and the following names are provided: Ophiostoma pityokteinis sp. nov., Ophiostoma rufum sp. nov., Ophiostoma solheimii sp. nov., and Ophiostoma taphrorychi sp. nov. O. rufum sp. nov. is a member of the Ophiostoma piceae species complex, while O. pityokteinis sp. nov. resides in a discrete lineage within Ophiostoma s. stricto. O. taphrorychi sp. nov. together with O. distortum formed a well-supported clade in Ophiostoma s. stricto close to O. pityokteinis sp. nov. O. solheimii sp. nov. groups within a currently undefined lineage A, which also includes Ophiostoma grandicarpum and Ophiostoma microsporum. This study highlights the need for more intensive surveys that should include additional countries of Central Europe, insect vectors and host tree species in order to elucidate Ophiostoma species diversity in this region.

• MeSH
• cévnaté rostliny parazitologie   MeSH
• dřevo parazitologie   MeSH
• elongační faktor 1 genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• kalmodulin genetika   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• nosatcovití růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Ophiostoma klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 5.8S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• tubulin genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

Rapanea melanophloeos, an important canopy tree in Afromontane forests, is commonly utilised for medicinal bark harvesting. Wounds created from these activities provide entrance for many fungi, including arthropod-associated members of the Ophiostomatales and Microascales (ophiostomatoid fungi). In this study we assessed the diversity of wound-associated Ophiostomatales on storm-damaged R. melanophloeos trees in the Afromontane forests of South Africa. Five species were identified based on micro-morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. These included Ophiostoma stenoceras and four newly described taxa Sporothrix itsvo sp. nov., S. rapaneae sp. nov., S. uta sp. nov. and O. noisomeae sp. nov. Four of these are members of the S. schenckii-O. stenoceras complex (O. stenoceras, S. itsvo sp. nov., S. rapaneae sp. nov., S. uta sp. nov.) while O. noisomeae groups basal in the Ophiostomatales alongside the S. lignivora complex and Graphilbum. In addition to other taxa known from this host, the present study shows that there is a rich, yet still poorly explored, diversity of Ophiostomatales associated with R. melanophloeos in Afromontane forests. More taxa are likely to be discovered with increased research effort. These must be assessed in terms of pathogenicity towards this ecologically and economically important tree.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fungální RNA genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Ophiostomatales klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Primulaceae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

To better understand the long-term impact of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier on leaf physiology in 'Dodoens', a Dutch elm disease-tolerant hybrid, measurements of leaf area, leaf dry mass, petiole anatomy, petiole hydraulic conductivity, leaf and branch water potential, and branch sap flow were performed 3 years following an initial artificial inoculation. Although fungal hyphae were detected in fully expanded leaves, neither anatomical nor morphological traits were affected, indicating that there was no impact from the fungal hyphae on the leaves during leaf expansion. In contrast, however, infected trees showed both a lower transpiration rate of branches and a lower sap flow density. The long-term persistence of fungal hyphae inside vessels decreased the xylem hydraulic conductivity, but stomatal regulation of transpiration appeared to be unaffected as the leaf water potential in both infected and non-infected trees was similarly driven by the transpirational demands. Regardless of the fungal infection, leaves with a higher leaf mass per area ratio tended to have a higher leaf area-specific conductivity. Smaller leaves had an increased number of conduits with smaller diameters and thicker cell walls. Such a pattern could increase tolerance towards hydraulic dysfunction. Measurements of water potential and theoretical xylem conductivity revealed that petiole anatomy could predict the maximal transpiration rate. Three years following fungal inoculation, phenotypic expressions for the majority of the examined traits revealed a constitutive nature for their possible role in Dutch elm disease tolerance of 'Dodoens' trees.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• kvantitativní znak dědičný * MeSH
• listy rostlin mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Ophiostoma fyziologie   MeSH
• stonky rostlin mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• transpirace rostlin fyziologie   MeSH
• Ulmus mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• voda MeSH
• xylém mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The ophiostomatoid fungi associated with cerambycid beetles Tetropium spp. (their symbiotic vectors) colonizing Norway spruce in Poland (six species collected) were isolated. The virulence of representative isolates was evaluated through inoculations using 2-year-old Norway spruce seedlings. A total of 1325 isolates (Ophiostoma piceae, O. tetropii, O. minus, Grosmannia piceiperda, G. cucullata, and five other less frequent taxa) were obtained. Tetropium castaneum and T. fuscum were vectors of similar spectra of ophiostomatoid fungi although some differences in fungal frequency between these Tetropium spp. were found. Among the fungal associates of the Tetropium spp. collected only G. piceiperda was pathogenic, which suggests that it can play a role in the death of spruce trees following attack by Tetropium spp.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• brouci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hmyz - vektory mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Ophiostomatales MeSH
• smrk mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH