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- Klíčová slova
- sulforafan,
- MeSH
- analýza potravin MeSH
- biochemické jevy MeSH
- Brassica MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- čokoláda * analýza MeSH
- lyofilizace MeSH
- potravinářská technologie metody MeSH
- Raphanus MeSH
- sloučeniny síry * MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- zdravá strava MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Extensive use of nanomaterials in agriculture will inevitably lead to their release to the environment in significant loads. Thus, understanding the fate of nanoparticles in the soil-plant environment, and potential presence and consequent implication of nanoparticles in food and feed products, is required. We study plant uptake of gold nanoparticles from soil, and their distribution, translocation and speciation (in terms of particle size change and release of ionic Au) in the different plant tissues of four important crops (potato, radish, carrot and lettuce). Our new analytical protocol and experiments show the feasibility of determining the presence, concentration and distribution of nanoparticles in different plant parts, which differ from plant to plant. Critically, we identify the evident capacity of plants to break down (or substantially change the properties of) nanoparticles in the rhizosphere prior to uptake, as well as the evident capacity of plants to reorganize ionic metals as nanoparticles in their tissues. This could lead to nanoparticle exposure through consumption of crops.
In this study, radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) were treated with an aqueous dispersion of carboxylated silica-coated photon-upconversion nanoparticles containing rare-earth elements (Y, Yb, and Er). The total concentration of rare earths and their bioaccumulation factors were determined in root, hypocotyl, and leaves of R. sativus after 72 h, and in L. minor fronds after 168 h. In R. sativus, translocation factors were determined as the ratio of rare earths concentration in hypocotyl versus root and in leaves versus hypocotyl. The lengths of the root and hypocotyl in R. sativus, as well as the frond area in L. minor, were monitored as toxicity endpoints. To distinguish rare earth bioaccumulation patterns, two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution in the whole R. sativus plant and L. minor fronds were obtained by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a lateral resolution of 100 μm. Moreover, the bioaccumulation was inspected using a photon-upconversion laser microscanner. The results revealed that the tested nanoparticles became adsorbed onto L. minor fronds and R. sativus roots, as well as transferred from roots through the hypocotyl and into leaves of R. sativus. The bioaccumulation patterns and spatial distribution of rare earths in nanoparticle-treated plants therefore differed from those of the positive control. Overall, carboxylated silica-coated photon-upconversion nanoparticles are stable, can easily translocate from roots to leaves, and are expected to become adsorbed onto the plant surface. They are also significantly toxic to the tested plants at nominal concentrations of 100 and 1000 μg/mL.
- MeSH
- fotony MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- Raphanus účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- spektrální analýza metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Soils can be contaminated by pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil conditions (influencing sorption and persistence of pharmaceuticals in soils) and plant type on the root uptake of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation in plant-soil systems. Four plants (lamb's lettuce, spinach, arugula, radish) planted in 3 soils were irrigated for 20 days (26) with water contaminated by one of 3 pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, atenolol, sulfamethoxazole) or their mixture. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in soils and plant tissues were evaluated after the harvest. Sulfamethoxazole and atenolol dissipated rapidly from soils. The larger concentrations of both compounds and an atenolol metabolite were found in roots than in leaves. Sulfamethoxazole metabolites were below the limits of quantifications. Carbamazepine was stable in soils, easily uptaken, accumulated, and metabolized in plant leaves. The efficiency of radish and arugula (both family Brassicaceae) in metabolizing was very low contrary to the high and moderate efficiencies of lamb's lettuce and spinach, respectively. Compounds' transformations mostly masked the soil impact on their accumulation in plant tissues. The negative relationships were found between the carbamazepine sorption coefficients and its concentrations in roots of radish, lamb's lettuce, and spinach.
- Klíčová slova
- ředkev setá,
- MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Raphanus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
The aim of this study was to assess cadmium and copper uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus) and to test the capability of the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique to predict bioaccessibility of the metals for this plant. Radish plants were grown in pots filled with uncontaminated control and artificially contaminated soils differing in cadmium and copper contents. Metal concentrations in plants were compared with free ion metal concentrations in soil solution, and concentrations measured by DGT. Significant correlation was found between metal fluxes to plant and metal fluxes into DGT. Pearson correlation coefficient for cadmium was 0.994 and for copper 0.998. The obtained results showed that DGT offers the possibility of simple test procedure for soils and can be used as a physical surrogate for plant uptake.
Černá ředkev se jako zelenina pěstovala již před 4 tisíci lety v Číně, ještě o něco dříve ji pravděpodobně znali Egypťané, kteří ji pojídali spolu se stroužky česneku při stavbě pyramid. Slované ji objevili až ve středověku, oceňovali ji však nejen jako chutnou zeleninu, ale i jako účinnou léčivou rostlinu. V našich zemích pak na dlouho upadla téměř v zapomnění, dnes se vrací na výsluní.
Turnip ringspot virus (TuRSV) has been proposed to be a member of a new species in the genus Comovirus. Its remarkable host-range similarity to radish mosaic virus (RaMV) may have led to its misrecognition in the past. Findings from both sequence analysis and serological tests support the assignment of TuRSV to a new comovirus species. In addition, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the two genome segments of some TuRSV isolates have a heterogeneous origin.
- MeSH
- Brassica napus MeSH
- Comovirus klasifikace genetika imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci rostlin virologie MeSH
- Raphanus MeSH
- RNA virová genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sérotypizace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
