Super- and low-shedding phenomena have been observed in genetically homogeneous hosts infected by a single bacterial strain. To decipher the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we conducted an experiment with chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis in a non-sterile isolator, which prevents bacterial transmission between animals while allowing the development of the gut microbiota. We investigated the impact of four commensal bacteria called Mix4, inoculated at hatching, on chicken systemic immune response and intestinal microbiota composition and functions, before and after Salmonella infection. Our results revealed that these phenotypes were not linked to changes in cell invasion capacity of bacteria during infection. Mix4 inoculation had both short- and long-term effects on immune response and microbiota and promoted the low-shedder phenotype. Kinetic analysis revealed that Mix4 activated immune response from day 4, which modified the microbiota on day 6. This change promotes a more fermentative microbiota, using the aromatic compounds degradation pathway, which inhibited Salmonella colonization by day 11 and beyond. In contrast, control animals exhibited a delayed TNF-driven pro-inflammatory response and developed a microbiota using anaerobic respiration, which facilitates Salmonella colonization and growth. This strategy offers promising opportunities to strengthen the barrier effect against Salmonella and possibly other pathogens.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kur domácí * mikrobiologie imunologie MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže * mikrobiologie imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis * imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat * mikrobiologie imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter represents the most common reported foodborne bacterial illness worldwide, followed by salmonellosis. Both diseases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated, insufficiently heated poultry meat. This can result from contamination of the meat during the slaughtering processes. Food contact surfaces like stainless steel or plucking fingers contribute significantly to cross-contamination of poultry carcasses. Modification of these surfaces could lead to a reduction of the bacterial burden, as already proven by successful application in various food industry sectors, such as packaging.In this study, nanoscale silica-coated and uncoated stainless-steel surfaces and plucking fingers were compared on a pilot scale regarding attachment and detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli.The bacteria did not adhere less to the coated plucking fingers or stainless-steel sections than to the uncoated ones. The coating also did not lead to a significant difference in detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli from the investigated surfaces compared to the uncoated ones.Our study did not reveal any differences between the coated and uncoated surfaces with regard to the investigated bacteria. In order to achieve a better adaptation of the coating to slaughterhouse conditions, future studies should focus on its further development based on the investigation of specific coating parameters.
- MeSH
- bakteriální adheze * MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- jatka * MeSH
- kontaminace potravin prevence a kontrola analýza MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- nerezavějící ocel * MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis * účinky léků fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- bolest etiologie MeSH
- cefalosporiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci vulvy * etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis patogenita MeSH
- vřed * etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vzácné nemoci etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- ženské pohlavní orgány patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Každý pediatr ročně vyšetří desítky, možná stovky dětí s gastroenteritidou. Díky zkušenosti a odebrané anamnéze dokáže často odhadnout etiologii, předvídat průběh a nastavit adekvátní léčbu. Většina dětí s touto diagnózou nevyžaduje hospitalizaci. Enteritidy ale s sebou přináší i komplikace, časté i vzácné, které lze těžko predikovat. A zdaleka to není jen riziko dehydratace.
Every pediatrician examines dozens, perhaps hundereds of children with gastroenteritis each year. Based on experiance and anamnestic data, he can often estimate the etiology, predict the course and set adequate treatment. Most children with this diegnosis do not require hospitalization. However, enteritis also brings complications, common and rare, which are difficult to predict. And it is far from just a risk of dehydration.
- MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- erythema nodosum diagnóza terapie MeSH
- gastroenteritida * diagnóza komplikace terapie MeSH
- intususcepce chirurgie diagnóza MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průjem kojenců * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- pyelonefritida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- rotavirové infekce diagnóza patologie přenos MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev moč MeSH
- farmakoterapie * metody využití MeSH
- hemolyticko-uremický syndrom * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- krvácení do bazálních ganglií diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody využití MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- parenterální výživa metody využití MeSH
- peritoneální dialýza metody využití MeSH
- ramipril aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Úvod: Gastroenteritidy považujeme za nechirurgická onemocnění, vzácně však mohou vést ke komplikacím, které si vyžádají chirurgickou léčbu. Kazuistika: Prezentovaná pacientka podstoupila akutní resekci tenkého střeva pro nitrobřišní absces, který se vyvinul při salmonelové enteritidě.
Introduction: Although gastroenteritis is considered to be a non-surgical disease, rare complications necessitating surgical intervention may occur. Case report: We present a patient who underwent acute small bowel resection due to an abdominal abscess, which developed in association with Salmonella enteritis.
- MeSH
- akutní bolest břicha chirurgie etiologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- břišní absces * chirurgie diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- břišní stěna mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis patogenita MeSH
- salmonelóza * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
In attempt to identify genes that are induced in chickens by Salmonella Enteritidis we identified a new highly inducible gene, interleukin 4 induced 1 gene (IL4I1). IL4I1 reached its peak expression (458× induction) in the cecum of newly hatched chickens 4 days post-infection and remained upregulated for an additional 10 days. IL4I1 was expressed and induced in macrophages and granulocytes, both at the mRNA and protein level. IL4I1 was expressed and induced also in CD4 and γδ T-lymphocytes though at a 50-fold lower level than in phagocytes. Expression of IL4I1 was not detected in CD8 T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes. Mutation of IL4I1 in chicken HD11 macrophages did not affect their bactericidal capacity against S. Enteritidis but negatively affected their oxidative burst after PMA stimulation. We therefore propose that IL4I1 is not directly involved in bactericidal activity of phagocytes and, instead, it is likely involved in the control of inflammatory response and signaling to T and B lymphocytes.
- MeSH
- cékum imunologie MeSH
- fagocyty imunologie MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- leukocyty imunologie MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže imunologie MeSH
- oxidasa L-aminokyselin metabolismus MeSH
- ptačí proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis fyziologie MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie MeSH
- slezina imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Salmonella Enteritidis is the main serovar of poultry origin in humans, but its complex interaction with certain avian cells is still not fully understood. Previously we identified several genes significantly induced in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) by the wild-type strain S. Enteritidis 11 (SE 11). In the present study, we raised the question whether virulence-attenuated mutants of this strain would induce altered expression of the newly identified fibroblast genes associated with immune and non-immune functions of CEFs. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR following challenge by the parental strain SE 11 and its virulence attenuated mutants lacking flagellin gene fliD only or fliD and the serovar-specific virulence plasmid pSEV. As a result, deletion mutants induced a lower expression of all immune genes, but an increased expression of the non-immune genes G0S2 and ENO2 relative to the parental strain. Our data indicate the importance of flagella and pSEV in modulation of virulence and host response in this model. We demonstrated, for the first time ever, an increased induction of survival genes G0S2 and ENO2 by virulence-attenuated mutants of S. Enteritidis.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- fibroblasty mikrobiologie MeSH
- flagella genetika MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis genetika patogenita MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Events occurring in the chicken caecum following Salmonella Enteritidis infection are relatively well-described. However, mechanisms of the immune response and defence beyond the intestinal tract are less well-described. In this study, we therefore determined changes in protein abundance in the liver and blood serum in response to S. Enteritidis infection using the unbiased approach of shotgun proteomics. Complement and coagulation cascades, TNF signalling, antigen processing and presentation was activated in the liver following infection with S. Enteritidis. Chicken proteins that decreased in the liver were involved in glycolysis, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. No functional category was significantly activated or suppressed in the serum. Concerning individual proteins, VNN1, SAA, AVD, SERPINA3, SERPINB10, AGT, MRP126 or CP increased in abundance both in the liver and serum. MT4, MT3, PTGDS, GLRX and TGM4, though highly inducible in the liver, did not increase in the serum. PIGR, SERPINF2 and IGJ increased in the serum but not in the liver. SERPINA4, apoAIV, CLEC3B, SERPINF1, HRG, AHSG and ALB decreased both in the liver and serum. Avidin-like LOC431660, THRSP, GATM, GGACT, ACOX1, ALDOB or FABP7 decreased in the liver but not in the serum. Finally, CKM, CKB, PLTP, COMP, IGFALS, AMY1A or SERPIND1 decreased in the serum after S. Enteritidis infection but not in the liver. Differently abundant proteins characterise the chicken's response to infection and can be also used as markers of chicken health status.
- MeSH
- cékum imunologie MeSH
- játra imunologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- kur domácí krev imunologie MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prezentace antigenu MeSH
- proteiny akutní fáze analýza MeSH
- proteomika * MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat krev imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
