Three closely related, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains (PS-2T, PS-17, and PS-19) were isolated from the skin of freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia). Colonies are pinkish-colored. The optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C, and the pH was 6.5-7. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1 ω7c, iso-C15.0, C17:1 ω8c, C18:1 ω7c, and C16:0. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and amino lipids. The genome size of strain PS-2T is 4.8 Mbp, and the G + C content was 46.0%. The major fraction of genes were associated with biological processes (45.64%), followed by molecular function (29.86%) and cellular components (24.49%). The unique genes identified in strain PS-2T secreted cyanophycinase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, methyltransferase, kynureninase, ADA regulatory protein, biphenyl degradation, thermostable carboxypeptidase 1, tetrathionate respiration, etc. In addition, alanine and glutamate racemases were present. The 16S rRNA gene sequences shared 98.83-99.24% similarity with the closely related type strains of Shewanella. The ANI and AAI of strain PS-2T with reference type strains of the genus Shewanella were below 95-96%, and the corresponding dDDH values were below 70%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome-wide core genes revealed that strain PS-2T clustered with Shewanella oneidensis LMG 19005T in both phylogenetic trees. Based on the polyphasic analysis, the new isolates (PS-2T, PS-17, and PS-19) represent a novel species of Shewanella, for which Shewanella cutis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PS-2T (= TBRC 15838T = NBRC 115342T).
- MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial * genetics MeSH
- Phospholipids analysis MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Genome, Bacterial * MeSH
- Genomics MeSH
- Skin microbiology MeSH
- Fatty Acids * analysis MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S * genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Shewanella * genetics isolation & purification classification MeSH
- Fresh Water microbiology MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Tetraodontiformes * microbiology MeSH
- Base Composition * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: Aquaculture is the fastest growing food-production sector, and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most cultivated fish species in the world. Due to its intrinsic characteristics, fish meat is highly susceptible to microbiological spoilage. Pseudomonas and Shewanella are the primary and secondary occurring microbiota during storage of fish meat, with significant contribution to spoilage with the formation of hydrolytic enzymes (lipases and proteases). RESULTS: With in vitro testing, we show that rosemary extract (Inolens4), buffered vinegar and their combination (SyneROX) exhibit antimicrobial effects against P. fragi, P. psychrophila, S. putrefaciens and S. xiaemensis at concentrations of 3.13 and 1.56 mg mL-1 . The combination was the most effective in inhibiting growth of selected bacteria in food model, and production of lipases and proteases during 9 days at 5 °C. In situ testing of antimicrobial dip treatment of carp meat determined that aerobic mesophilic, total psychrotrophic, Pseudomonas and hydrogen sulfide producer counts were reduced in all treatments, with the most prominent influence being shown by the combination and buffered vinegar. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the importance of a multilevel assessment of the antimicrobial potential of biopreservatives under conditions comparable to those of the selected food. Investigation with bacteria and food model provided coherent and consistent data for the evaluation of the antimicrobial potential for carp meat. Combination of buffered vinegar (as active antimicrobial) and rosemary extract, with well-known and researched antioxidant properties but low in situ antimicrobial activity, represents a good potential for combined effect in preservation of fish meat. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Taste MeSH
- Carps microbiology MeSH
- Food Preservation MeSH
- Acetic Acid antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Seafood microbiology MeSH
- Food Microbiology MeSH
- Pseudomonas drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Plant Extracts chemistry MeSH
- Rosmarinus chemistry MeSH
- Shewanella drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Hydrogen Sulfide analysis MeSH
- Aquaculture MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The electrodynamics of metals is well understood within the Drude conductivity model; properties of insulators and semiconductors are governed by a gap in the electronic states. But there is a great variety of disordered materials that do not fall in these categories and still respond to external field in an amazingly uniform manner. At radiofrequencies delocalized charges yield a frequency-independent conductivity σ 1(ν) whose magnitude exponentially decreases while cooling. With increasing frequency, dispersionless conductivity starts to reveal a power-law dependence σ 1(ν)∝ν s with s < 1 caused by hopping charge carriers. At low temperatures, such Universal Dielectric Response can cross over to another universal regime with nearly constant loss ε″∝σ1/ν = const. The powerful research potential based on such universalities is widely used in condensed matter physics. Here we study the broad-band (1-1012 Hz) dielectric response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 extracellular matrix, cytochrome C and serum albumin. Applying concepts of condensed matter physics, we identify transport mechanisms and a number of energy, time, frequency, spatial and temperature scales in these biological objects, which can provide us with deeper insight into the protein dynamics.
- MeSH
- Albumins metabolism MeSH
- Cytochromes c metabolism MeSH
- Electric Conductivity MeSH
- Electricity * MeSH
- Extracellular Matrix metabolism MeSH
- Shewanella metabolism MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Water chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Cattle MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The purpose of this study was to isolate bioluminescent strains and to phenotypically and biochemically identify them based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the 11 isolates revealed that they belonged to Shewanella woodyi. Nevertheless, they were determined to exhibit various growth characteristics, enzymatic activities, assimilation of carbon and nitrogen sources, and different characteristics in antibiotic resistance profiles, and also, it was determined that different growth conditions affect the amount of biofilm. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of S. woodyi strains performed with SmaI and NotI restriction enzymes revealed that they exhibited restriction fragment pattern homology ranging from 56 to 89 % and from 82 to 94 %, respectively. As a result, PFGE analysis of the genome S. woodyi (as the first record) revealed that although these strains inhabiting the Gulf of Izmir exhibit common characteristics, they also have high levels of genomic polymorphism.
- MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial chemistry genetics MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation * MeSH
- Luminescence * MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Molecular Typing MeSH
- Seawater microbiology MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field MeSH
- DNA, Ribosomal chemistry genetics MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Shewanella classification genetics isolation & purification physiology MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Turkey MeSH
