- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bacilární dyzentérie * diagnóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HIV infekce MeSH
- homosexualita mužská MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rizikový sex MeSH
- Shigella izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Globally, it is estimated that there are 2 billion cases of diarrhoeal disease each year, with 525,000 children under the age of 5 years, dying from diarrhoea. This also affects 1 in 5 people in the UK each year. Rapid diagnosis, appropriate treatment and infection control measures are, therefore, particularly important. Currently, Public Health Wales and England Microbiology Division test for five key bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens, i.e. Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Clostridioides difficile. There is, however, a poor success rate with identification of these pathogens, leaving the patient at risk from untreated infections. This study has developed effective and reliable tools with a high positive outcome for diagnosis of diarrhoeal infection. The study blindly analysed 592 samples, with the most abundant species being Shigella sonnei at 15%, and the top genus Bacteroides at 26%. Campylobacter spp. had an abundance of 4%, Clostridium difficile 3%, and Salmonella spp. 0.2%. There were also significant differences in abundance at genus level, between the Flemish Gut project and diarrhoea samples, with respect to Shigella (0.2%) and Campylobacter (0.1%). The project introduced a novel Shigella spp. (Escherichia) threshold of 5.32% to determine (Escherichia) a healthy or unhealthy community. A DMBiome model was developed to integrate the 5.32% threshold of Shigella spp., the Public Health laboratory tested pathogens, and two emerging enteropathogens. The overall positive outcome was that 89% of all samples were diagnosed with diarrhoea infections, leaving 11% unknown.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Campylobacter genetika MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky * metody normy MeSH
- průjem * diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Shigella * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V tomto sdělení podáváme zprávu o činnosti Národní referenční laboratoře pro E. coli a shigely za léta 2018 a 2019, a to v oblasti diagnostické, vzdělávací a publikační.
We provide a report on the activities of the National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella in the diagnostic, educational and publication areas in 2018 and 2019.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy metody MeSH
- Klebsiella oxytoca izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- Rhodococcus equi izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Shigella sonnei izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae izolace a purifikace MeSH
- testování odbornosti laboratoří * MeSH
Although multiprotein membrane complexes play crucial roles in bacterial physiology and virulence, the mechanisms governing their quality control remain incompletely understood. In particular, it is not known how unincorporated, orphan components of protein complexes are recognised and eliminated from membranes. Rhomboids, the most widespread and largest superfamily of intramembrane proteases, are known to play key roles in eukaryotes. In contrast, the function of prokaryotic rhomboids has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that the Shigella sonnei rhomboid proteases GlpG and the newly identified Rhom7 are involved in membrane protein quality control by specifically targeting components of respiratory complexes, with the metastable transmembrane domains (TMDs) of rhomboid substrates protected when they are incorporated into a functional complex. Initial cleavage by GlpG or Rhom7 allows subsequent degradation of the orphan substrate. Given the occurrence of this strategy in an evolutionary ancient organism and the presence of rhomboids in all domains of life, it is likely that this form of quality control also mediates critical events in eukaryotes and protects cells from the damaging effects of orphan proteins.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- endopeptidasy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- membránové proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- proteinové domény MeSH
- proteolýza MeSH
- Shigella sonnei enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- transport elektronů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Shigella flexneri is a leading etiologic agent of diarrhea in low socioeconomic countries. Notably, various serotypes in S. flexneri are reported from different regions of the world. The precise approximations of illness and death owing to shigellosis are missing in low socioeconomic countries, although it is widespread in different regions. The inadequate statistics available reveal S. flexneri to be a significant food and waterborne pathogen. All over the world, different antibiotic-resistant strains of S. flexneri serotypes have been emerged especially multidrug-resistant strains. Recently, increased resistance was observed in cephalosporins (3rd generation), azithromycin, and fluoroquinolones. There is a need for a continuous surveillance study on antibiotic resistance that will be helpful in the update of the antibiogram. The shigellosis burden can be reduced by adopting preventive measures like delivery of safe drinking water, suitable sanitation, and development of an effective and inexpensive multivalent vaccine. This review attempts to provide the recent findings of S. flexneri related to epidemiology and the emergence of multidrug resistance.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bacilární dyzentérie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- objevující se infekční nemoci farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Shigella flexneri účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Colicin U is a protein produced by the bacterium Shigella boydii (serovars 1 and 8). It exerts antibacterial activity against strains of the enterobacterial genera Shigella and Escherichia Here, we report that colicin U forms voltage-dependent pores in planar lipid membranes; its single-pore conductance was found to be about 22 pS in 1 M KCl at pH 6 under 80 mV in asolectin bilayers. In agreement with the high degree of homology between their C-terminal domains, colicin U shares some pore characteristics with the related colicins A and B. Colicin U pores are strongly pH dependent, and as we deduced from the activity of colicin U in planar membranes at different protein concentrations, they have a monomeric pore structure. However, in contrast to related colicins, we observed a very low cationic selectivity of colicin U pores (1.5/1 of K+/Cl- at pH 6) along with their atypical voltage gating. Finally, using nonelectrolytes, we determined the inner diameter of the pores to be in the range of 0.7 to 1 nm, which is similar to colicin Ia, but with a considerably different inner profile.IMPORTANCE Currently, a dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance is driving researchers to find new antimicrobial agents. The large group of toxins called bacteriocins appears to be very promising from this point of view, especially because their narrow killing spectrum allows specific targeting against selected bacterial strains. Colicins are a subgroup of bacteriocins that act on Gram-negative bacteria. To date, some colicins are commercially used for the treatment of animals (1) and tested as a component of engineered species-specific antimicrobial peptides, which are studied for the potential treatment of humans (2). Here, we present a thorough single-molecule study of colicin U which leads to a better understanding of its mode of action. It extends the range of characterized colicins available for possible future medical applications.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- chlorid draselný farmakologie MeSH
- gating iontového kanálu MeSH
- koliciny metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lipidové dvojvrstvy metabolismus MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- Shigella boydii metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Colicin production in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains represents an important trait with regard to microbial survival and competition in the complex intestinal environment. A novel colicin type, colicin Z (26.3 kDa), was described as a product of an original producer, extraintestinal E. coli B1356 strain, isolated from the anorectal abscess of a 17 years-old man. The 4,007 bp plasmid (pColZ) was completely sequenced and colicin Z activity (cza) and colicin Z immunity (czi) genes were identified. The cza and czi genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode for 237 and 151 amino acid-long proteins, respectively. Colicin Z shows a narrow inhibitory spectrum, being active only against enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shigella strains via CjrC receptor recognition and CjrB- and ExbB-, ExbD-mediated colicin translocation. All tested EIEC and Shigella strains isolated between the years 1958-2010 were sensitive to colicin Z. The lethal effect of colicin Z was found to be directed against cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) resulting in PG degradation, as revealed by experiments with Remazol Brilliant Blue-stained purified peptidoglycans and with MALDI-TOF MS analyses of treated PG. Colicin Z represents a new class of colicins that is structurally and functionally distinct from previously studied colicin types.
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- koliciny genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- Shigella genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- gonorea epidemiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymphogranuloma venereum epidemiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- proktitida * etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- sexuálně přenosné nemoci mikrobiologie přenos terapie MeSH
- Shigella sonnei patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- syfilis epidemiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- gonorea epidemiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymphogranuloma venereum epidemiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- proktitida * etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- sexuálně přenosné nemoci mikrobiologie přenos terapie MeSH
- Shigella sonnei patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- syfilis epidemiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
