- MeSH
- bcr-abl fúzní proteiny genetika MeSH
- blastická krize * genetika farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- imidazoly * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- niacinamid analogy a deriváty MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrazoly MeSH
- pyridaziny * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- dopisy MeSH
Blast phase (BP) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) still represents an unmet clinical need with a dismal prognosis. Due to the rarity of the condition and the heterogeneity of the biology and clinical presentation, prospective trials and concise treatment recommendations are lacking. Here we present the analysis of the European LeukemiaNet Blast Phase Registry, an international collection of the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of blast phases which had been diagnosed in CML patients after 2015. Data reveal the expected heterogeneity of the entity, lacking a clear treatment standard. Outcomes remain dismal, with a median overall survival of 23.8 months (median follow up 27.8 months). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) increases the rate of deep molecular responses. De novo BP and BP evolving from a previous CML do show slightly different features, suggesting a different biology between the two entities. Data show that outside clinical trials and in a real-world setting treatment of blast phase is individualized according to disease- and patient-related characteristics, with the aim of blast clearance prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. AlloSCT should be offered to all patients eligible for this procedure.
- MeSH
- blastická krize * patologie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie patologie terapie mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas * terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory tyrosinkinasy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Overall survival of patients classified according to the European LeukemiaNet 2020 classification. Chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), blast crisis (BC), low risk (LR), intermediate risk (IR), high risk (HR).
- MeSH
- blastická krize farmakoterapie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory tyrosinkinasy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
Chronická myeloidní leukemie představuje modelové onemocnění, kde identifikace molekulárních mechanizmů zodpovědných za její rozvoj a jejich terapeutické zacílení vedly k dramatickému zlepšení výsledků léčby. Přesto u malé části pacientů stále dochází při selhání léčby k progresi onemocnění do fáze blastického zvratu, vykazující neuspokojivé výsledky i při intenzivní terapii. Následující přehledový článek se zabývá současným stavem poznání molekulární podstaty blastického zvratu a jeho hlavními charakteristikami vč. blokády buněčné diferenciace, zvýšené genové nestability, výskytem chromozomálních aberací, somatických mutací a jejich vlivem na prognózu onemocnění. Přináší rovněž stručný náhled na současné možnosti řízení léčby blastického zvratu, jejich úskalí a možné perspektivy.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia represents a model disease where the identification of driving molecular mechanisms and their targeted therapy has led to dramatic improvement in treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, a small proportion of patients still experience therapy failure followed by disease progression into a blast phase with poor outcomes even on intensive therapy. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the pathobiology of the blast phase and its fundamental characteristics, including blockade of cell differentiation, genetic instability, the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations and somatic mutations, and their impact on disease prognosis. The article also provides a brief overview of the current treatment options for the blast phase, its challenges, and possible perspectives.
- Klíčová slova
- blokáda diferenciace, somatické mutace, chromozomální aberace,
- MeSH
- blastická krize MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has improved significantly with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and treatment guidelines based on numerous clinical trials are available for chronic phase disease. However for CML in the blast phase (CML-BP), prognosis remains poor and treatment options are much more limited. The spectrum of treatment strategies for children and adolescents with CML-BP has largely evolved empirically and includes treatment principles derived from adult CML-BP and pediatric acute leukemia. Given this heterogeneity of treatment approaches, we formed an international panel of pediatric CML experts to develop recommendations for consistent therapy in children and adolescents with this high-risk disease based on the current literature and national standards. Recommendations include detailed information on initial diagnosis and treatment monitoring, differentiation from Philadelphia-positive acute leukemia, subtype-specific selection of induction therapy, and combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Given that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation currently remains the primary curative intervention for CML-BP, we also provide recommendations for the timing of transplantation, donor and graft selection, selection of a conditioning regimen and prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease, post-transplant TKI therapy, and management of molecular relapse. Management according to the treatment recommendations presented here is intended to provide the basis for the design of future prospective clinical trials to improve outcomes for this challenging disease.
- MeSH
- akutní myeloidní leukemie * MeSH
- blastická krize terapie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The treatment outcome in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in blast crisis (BC) is unsatisfactory despite the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Moreover, in some patients ASCT is contraindicated, with limited treatment options. We report the case series of two patients with lymphoid BC CML in whom ASCT was not approachable. The first patient developed BC two months after diagnosis in association with dic(7;9)(p11.2;p11.2) and T315I mutation. Blast crisis with central nervous system leukemic involvement and K611N mutation of the SETD2 gene developed abruptly in the second patient five years after ceasing treatment with nilotinib in major molecular response (MMR) at the patient's request. Both underwent one course of chemotherapy in combination with rituximab and imatinib, followed by dasatinib and interferon α (INFα) treatment in the first and dasatinib alone in the second case. Deep molecular response (DMR; MR 4.0) was achieved within a short time in both cases. It is probable that DMR was caused by a specific immune response to CML cells, described in both agents. The challenging medical condition that prompted these case series, and the subsequent results, suggest a re-visit to the use of a combination of well-known drugs as an area for further investigation.
In most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) clonal cells can be kept under control by BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, overt resistance or intolerance against these TKI may occur. We identified the epigenetic reader BRD4 and its downstream-effector MYC as growth regulators and therapeutic targets in CML cells. BRD4 and MYC were found to be expressed in primary CML cells, CD34+ /CD38- leukemic stem cells (LSC), and in the CML cell lines KU812, K562, KCL22, and KCL22T315I . The BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 was found to suppress proliferation in KU812 cells and primary leukemic cells in the majority of patients with chronic phase CML. In the blast phase of CML, JQ1 was less effective. However, the BRD4 degrader dBET6 was found to block proliferation and/or survival of primary CML cells in all patients tested, including blast phase CML and CML cells exhibiting the T315I variant of BCR::ABL1. Moreover, dBET6 was found to block MYC expression and to synergize with BCR::ABL1 TKI in inhibiting the proliferation in the JQ1-resistant cell line K562. Furthermore, BRD4 degradation was found to overcome osteoblast-induced TKI resistance of CML LSC in a co-culture system and to block interferon-gamma-induced upregulation of the checkpoint antigen PD-L1 in LSC. Finally, dBET6 was found to suppress the in vitro survival of CML LSC and their engraftment in NSG mice. Together, targeting of BRD4 and MYC through BET degradation sensitizes CML cells against BCR::ABL1 TKI and is a potent approach to overcome multiple forms of drug resistance in CML LSC.
- MeSH
- bcr-abl fúzní proteiny MeSH
- blastická krize farmakoterapie MeSH
- chemorezistence MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- jaderné proteiny * genetika MeSH
- kmenové buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a rare disease in children. The frequency and outcome of children evolving to accelerated phase (AP) or blastic phase (BP) under treatment with imatinib is unknown. The aim of the current study is to assess the incidence of progression from CML in chronic phase with imatinib frontline in a paediatric setting and describe the management and outcome of these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the I-CML-Ped Study database (www.clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT01281735), 19 of 339 paediatric patients in chronic phase treated with imatinib in the frontline evolved to CML-AP or CML-BP. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 38 months (range: 2-190 months), the cumulative incidence of progression at 1 and 3 years was 3% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1-5%) and 7% (CI 95%: 4-11%), respectively. We observed a large predominance of lymphoid-BP (70%) over myeloid-BP (30%) with imatinib in frontline therapy. Sixteen patients underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and eight were treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor after transplant. Only the transplanted patients are alive. The 5-year overall survival rate of children with CML-AP/BP is 44%, with no statistical difference between the lymphoid-BP and myeloid-BP outcome. CONCLUSION: Children evolving to AP or BP under treatment with imatinib have a very poor prognosis with an overall survival under 50%, much worse than children with advanced phase at diagnosis.
- MeSH
- blastická krize patologie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imatinib mesylát terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty metabolismus MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- ponatinib,
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- bcr-abl fúzní proteiny krev účinky léků MeSH
- blastická krize farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- buňky kostní dřeně patologie MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie komplikace krev MeSH
- cytogenetické vyšetření MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- inhibitory tyrosinkinasy * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protinádorové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- transplantace kostní dřeně MeSH
- vyšetřování kostní dřeně MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is usually diagnosed in chronic phase, yet there is a small percentage of patients that is diagnosed in accelerated phase or blast crisis. Due to this rarity, little is known about the prognosis of these patients. Our aim was to identify prognostic factors for this cohort. We identified 283 patients in the EUTOS population-based and out-study registries that were diagnosed in advanced phase. Nearly all patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Median survival in this heterogeneous cohort was 8.2 years. When comparing patients with more than 30% blasts to those with 20-29% blasts, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.32 (95%-confidence interval (CI): [0.7-2.6]). Patients with 20-29% blasts had a significantly higher risk than patients with less than 20% blasts (HR: 2.24, 95%-CI: [1.2-4.0], P = .008). We found that the blast count was the most important prognostic factor; however, age, hemoglobin, basophils and other chromosomal aberrations should be considered as well. The ELTS score was able to define two groups (high risk vs non-high risk) with an HR of 3.01 (95%-CI: [1.81-5.00], P < .001). Regarding the contrasting definitions of blast crisis, our data clearly supported the 20% cut-off over the 30% cut-off in this cohort. Based on our results, we conclude that a one-phase rather than a two-phase categorization of de novo advanced phase CML patients is appropriate.
- MeSH
- akcelerovaná fáze myeloidní leukemie krev diagnóza genetika mortalita MeSH
- blastická krize krev diagnóza genetika mortalita MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemoglobiny analýza MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- kostní dřeň patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů metody MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH