Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season. The study assessed epidemiology, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. The study examined 1312 patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season. Of these, 59.5% required hospitalization, with 13.5% needing ICU admission. The overall mortality rate was 10.6%, varying by virus: parainfluenza (21.3%), influenza (8.8%), metapneumovirus (7.1%), RSV (5.9%), or SARS-CoV-2 (5.0%). Poor outcomes were significantly associated with smoking history, severe lymphopenia, secondary bacterial infections, and ICU admission. This study highlights the severe risk CARV poses to patients with HM, especially those undergoing active treatment. The high rates of hospitalization and mortality stress the need for better prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted therapies. Given the severe outcomes with certain viruses like parainfluenza, tailored strategies are crucial to improving patient outcomes in future CARV seasons.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská epidemiologie mortalita komplikace MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie mortalita komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hematologické nádory * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy * epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- infekce respiračními syncytiálními viry epidemiologie mortalita komplikace MeSH
- infekce získané v komunitě epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Metapneumovirus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recurrent epidemics and pandemics caused by seasonal human influenza viruses result in substantial morbidity and are a significant public health burden worldwide annually. Antiviral drugs are used to treat influenza infections but have several limitations.. Therefore, monoclonal antibody therapy is an exciting and promising approach. Nanobodies, also known as single-domain antibodies, are a new class derived from heavy-chain-only antibodies found in camelids like alpacas, llamas, and camels. These antibodies neutralize influenza viruses by targeting various proteins through multiple mechanisms. For example, they can target the hemagglutinin protein to prevent its functions. By focusing on conserved epitopes, they can neutralize a variety of influenza subtypes, including seasonal flu strains and possible pandemic variants. Additionally, these antibodies can neutralize free-floating viruses in the extracellular environment, preventing them from infecting cells. They can reduce the viral load and limit the spread of the infection. Using nanobodies to neutralize influenza viruses provides numerous advantages compared to conventional antibodies. Thanks to their unique properties, nanobodies play a crucial role in fighting influenza, improving disease management, and strengthening public health responses. In this review, we summarize the role of nanobodies in influenza virus neutralization.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská * imunologie virologie MeSH
- jednodoménové protilátky * imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky * imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Orthomyxoviridae * imunologie MeSH
- protilátky virové * imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Influenza is a significant global health problem, causing disease and hospitalisations in elderly individuals and infants. While updated vaccines are available every year, their effectiveness is moderate at best. FLUniversal is a European Union funded consortium, aiming to develop a universal influenza vaccine by bringing together partners with expertise in different areas of vaccine development. An intranasal live attenuated vaccine, DeltaFLU, will be produced using an innovative platform; preclinical assessment in animal models and clinical studies using a controlled human infection model (CHIM) will be conducted for assessment of safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy; and finally, comprehensive immunological analysis of blood and nasal mucosa will elucidate vaccine responses and potential new correlates of protection (CoPs). In addition to a universal influenza vaccine, listed as a top priority by the EU, FLUniversal seeks to deliver an enhanced vaccine manufacturing technology that is superior in terms of efficiency, production costs and production speed - especially critical in the face of a potential new pandemic. Moreover, an influenza CHIM with a focus on harmonisation of clinical procedures and assays will be established to generate translatable and reproducible data. Newly generated knowledge on mechanisms of protection, CoPs and new molecular analysis tools may significantly contribute to our knowledge on influenza infection and influenza vaccines. In conclusion, FLUniversal is an innovative and ambitious public-private partnership, aiming to present a new development pathway for influenza vaccines, and maximising impact by bringing together leading partners from academy and industry with a shared purpose of collaboration and innovation.
- MeSH
- aplikace intranazální MeSH
- atenuované vakcíny imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- chřipka lidská * prevence a kontrola imunologie MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- partnerství veřejného a soukromého sektoru * MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce * imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- vývoj vakcíny * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Respiratory viruses represent a significant public health threat. There is the need for robust and coordinated surveillance to guide global health responses. Established in 2012, the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) addresses this need by collecting clinical and virological data on persons with acute respiratory illnesses across a network of hospitals worldwide. GIHSN utilizes a standardized patient enrolment and data collection protocol across its study sites. It leverages pre-existing national infrastructures and expert collaborations to facilitate comprehensive data collection. This includes demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and virologic data, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for a subset of viruses. Sequencing data are shared in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). GIHSN uses financing and governance approaches centered around public-private partnerships. Over time, GIHSN has included more than 100 hospitals across 27 countries and enrolled more than 168,000 hospitalized patients, identifying 27,562 cases of influenza and 44,629 of other respiratory viruses. GIHSN has expanded beyond influenza to include other respiratory viruses, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2023, GIHSN strengthened its global impact through a memorandum of understanding with the World Health Organization, aimed at enhancing collaborative efforts and data sharing for improved health responses. GIHSN exemplifies the value of integrating scientific research with public health initiatives through global collaboration and public-private partnerships governance. Future efforts should enhance the scalability of such models and ensure their sustainability through continued public and private support.
BACKGROUND: Influenza is a relatively serious infection that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Epidemics of influenza are reported almost every year. METHODS: Based on the Czech national all-cause mortality and acute respiratory infection/influenza-like illness surveillance data for the 1999/2000 to 2019/2020 influenza seasons, excess deaths attributable to influenza were estimated using the threshold derived as 90th percentile of death counts during nonepidemic periods. Daily death counts broken by the 5-year age intervals were modelled via Poisson generalised additive model. RESULTS: The estimated total number of excess deaths from influenza during study period was 22,306. Thus, the mean total of excess deaths related to influenza per season was 1062 for the age group 40-94 years. The total number of excess deaths increased steadily with age from the 40-44 age group to the 85-89 age group, which accounted for the highest percentage of excess deaths (17%), followed closely by the 80-84 age group (16%). The age groups 40-44 years and 45-49 years contributed the least (3% each). More than three quarters of excess deaths occurred at age 65 and over (17,027 cases; 76%). Relative numbers of excess deaths per 100,000 population peaked in the oldest age groups of 85-89 and 90-94 years. CONCLUSIONS: We estimate that at least 0.98% of all-cause mortality throughout the study period was attributable to influenza in the Czech Republic. This excess is not negligible, and public health actions in the field of influenza prevention are vitally needed.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- COVID-19 komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pertusová vakcína MeSH
- pneumokokové infekce mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pneumokokové vakcíny MeSH
- respirační insuficience * komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- respirační syncytiální viry imunologie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: An in-depth study of neurological symptoms and complications of influenza in elderly patients. This population group is more susceptible to complications of the disease and these complications are more likely to end in death. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patient data was performed. All patients aged 65 years and older were included in the study. The study period was from the 1st of January , 2018 to 31st of December, 2021. All symptoms and complications of influenza were analyzed. Especially neurological and general symptoms were analyzed. Data were extracted from the complete medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The most common symptoms of influenza in the elderly were fever in 218 cases (83.52%), cough in 189 patients (72.41%), general weakness in 182 (69.73%) and fatigue in 166 patients (63.6%). Myalgias were experienced by 106 patients (40.61%) and arthralgias by 101 patients (38.7%). Headache occurred in only 21 patients (8.06%). Encephalopathy was observed in 7 elderly patients (2.68%) during hospitalization. Influenza encephalitis was noted in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: The most common neurological symptoms of influenza in more than half of the elderly are general weakness and increased fatigue. Myalgias are common, headache less often. Nausea is not uncommon. Of the complications, encephalopathy is the most common. Cases of influenza encephalitis have also been reported. We have not encountered a stroke. Concerning other complications, bacterial pneumonia was the most common.
- MeSH
- bolesti hlavy etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- chřipka lidská * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- horečka etiologie MeSH
- kašel etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myalgie etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová slabost etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- únava etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Seasonal influenza vaccination rates among the elderly in the Czech Republic are alarmingly low, making it one of the least vaccinated countries in Europe. This study explored the role of vaccine literacy and insurance coverage on vaccination status. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Summer 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire covering vaccine literacy (functional, interactive, and critical skills), negative perceptions towards influenza vaccination, and the 5C model (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility). Individuals aged 55 and older were included in the study. Mediation analyses assessed the indirect effects of insurance coverage on vaccination status. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted in vaccination rates based on insurance coverage, chronic diseases, regular medication use, and previous COVID-19 and pneumococcal vaccinations. Vaccine literacy, especially interactive and critical skills, was higher among vaccinated individuals. Confidence and collective responsibility were significant promoters, while complacency and constraints were barriers to vaccination. Mediation analyses indicated that negative perceptions, confidence, and collective responsibility significantly mediated the relationship between insurance coverage and vaccination status. CONCLUSION: Enhancing vaccine literacy and addressing psychological antecedents are crucial for improving influenza vaccination rates among the elderly. Policy measures should include improving vaccine literacy, building public confidence, and addressing negative perceptions.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odkládání očkování * psychologie MeSH
- pojistné krytí MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vakcinace psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce * MeSH
- Východoevropané MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- zdravotní gramotnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Influenza A and B viruses cause epidemics every year, with approximately 3-5 million serious cases and about 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide. Most patients die from bacterial complications of influenza. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical pictures of influenza and the development of the complications in seniors over 65 years of age, who were treated in University Hospital Pilsen. The course of the disease and changes in laboratory parameters were evaluated with regard to the method of treatment performed. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was performed. Clinical and laboratory data of seniors with the diagnosis of influenza were extracted from electronic medical records and later analysed. The data were processed with Excel 2016 and Statistica. RESULTS: A collection of 261 seniors, of whom 218 were hospitalized and 43 treated in an outpatient setting, has been studied. Patients who later developed complications had elevated values of CRP, procalcitonin, urea, and creatinine. The antiviral drug oseltamivir was administered to 226 of 261 seniors. Forty-seven seniors (18.0%) died from influenza and its complications (severe pneumonia with acute respiratory insufficiency or heart failure). CONCLUSIONS: The course of influenza in seniors was usually more severe and required hospitalization along with antiviral treatment. The mortality rate in the monitored group exceeded 18%. Annual timely vaccination, but also other preventive measures, and maybe considering other risk groups are methods to prevent severe or even fatal cases of influenza.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- chřipka lidská * epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oseltamivir terapeutické užití MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- virus chřipky A izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská prevence a kontrola MeSH
- COVID-19 prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- očkovací programy * MeSH
- služby zdravotní péče o pracující MeSH
- vakcinace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
- zaměstnavatel - náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- zdravotničtí pracovníci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
