- MeSH
- antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci novorozenců * diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
There is only limited data on cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis with high-dose (HD) aciclovir after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We performed a retrospective analysis on a total of 179 patients who underwent their allo-HSCT with HD-aciclovir prophylaxis at our center. A clinically significant CMV infection (cs-CMVi) was observed in 56 (31%) cases with a median time of 49 (range 25-147) days after HSCT. A significantly higher CMV infection rate was observed in seropositive recipients with a seronegative donor (74%) compared to seropositive recipients with a seropositive donor, and seronegative recipients with seropositive and seronegative donors (24%, 18%, 7% respectively; p < 0.001). The CMV serostatus was the only significant risk factor for CMV infection in our analysis. CMV disease developed in three patients with CMV-related death in two cases. During HD-aciclovir prophylaxis, we did not observe any medical condition attributable to HD-aciclovir's adverse effects. Compared to published results, we observed a low incidence of cs-CMVi with HD-aciclovir prophylaxis in several patient subgroups, especially in seropositive recipients with a seropositive donor. With respect to the determined threshold, HD-aciclovir prophylaxis seems to have good efficacy in an intermediate cs-CMVi risk patients, but prospective randomized trials would be needed for definite conclusions.
- MeSH
- acyklovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- antivirové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * etiologie prevence a kontrola farmakoterapie MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- TORCH infekce,
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce embryologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství * diagnóza epidemiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci, jimž lze předcházet očkováním MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza metody MeSH
- prenatální poškození * etiologie mortalita MeSH
- sexuálně přenosné nemoci embryologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza embryologie MeSH
- vakcinace klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- ribociclib,
- MeSH
- alanintransaminasa analýza MeSH
- aminopyridiny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- aspartátaminotransferasy analýza MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce diagnóza terapie MeSH
- fulvestrant farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- infekční mononukleóza diagnóza terapie MeSH
- jaterní testy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
- puriny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. METHODS: This study reports on 986 patients reported to the EBMT registry during the first 29 months of the pandemic. RESULTS: The median age was 50.3 years (min - max; 1.0 - 80.7). The median time from most recent HCT to diagnosis of COVID-19 was 20 months (min - max; 0.0 - 383.9). The median time was 19.3 (0.0 - 287.6) months during 2020, 21.2 (0.1 - 324.5) months during 2021, and 19.7 (0.1 - 383.9) months during 2022 (p = NS). 145/986 (14.7%) patients died; 124 (12.6%) due to COVID-19 and 21 of other causes. Only 2/204 (1%) fully vaccinated patients died from COVID-19. There was a successive improvement in overall survival over time. In multivariate analysis, increasing age (p<.0001), worse performance status (p<.0001), contracting COVID-19 within the first 30 days (p<.0001) or 30 - 100 days after HCT (p=.003), ongoing immunosuppression (p=.004), pre-existing lung disease (p=.003), and recipient CMV seropositivity (p=.004) had negative impact on overall survival while patients contracting COVID-19 in 2020 (p<.0001) or 2021 (p=.027) had worse overall survival than patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in 2022. DISCUSSION: Although the outcome of COVID-19 has improved, patients having risk factors were still at risk for severe COVID-19 including death.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * komplikace MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * komplikace MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- infekční nemoci * komplikace MeSH
- kostní dřeň MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
POZOR! při kopírování abstrakt kontrolovat slova na konci řádků originálu!!!
POZOR! při kopírování abstrakt kontrolovat slova na konci řádků originálu!!!
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important factor in the pathogenesis of kidney allograft rejection, previous studies have not determined the optimal CMV prevention strategy to avoid indirect effects of the virus. In this randomized trial involving 140 kidney transplant recipients, incidence of acute rejection at 12 months was not lower with valganciclovir prophylaxis (for at least 3 months) compared with preemptive therapy initiated after detection of CMV DNA in whole blood. However, prophylaxis was associated with a lower risk of subclinical rejection at 3 months. Although both regimens were effective in preventing CMV disease, the incidence of CMV DNAemia (including episodes with higher viral loads) was significantly higher with preemptive therapy. Further research with long-term follow-up is warranted to better compare the two approaches. BACKGROUND: The optimal regimen for preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients, primarily in reducing indirect CMV effects, has not been defined. METHODS: This open-label, single-center, randomized clinical trial of valganciclovir prophylaxis versus preemptive therapy included kidney transplant recipients recruited between June 2013 and May 2018. After excluding CMV-seronegative recipients with transplants from seronegative donors, we randomized 140 participants 1:1 to receive valganciclovir prophylaxis (900 mg, daily for 3 or 6 months for CMV-seronegative recipients who received a kidney from a CMV-seropositive donor) or preemptive therapy (valganciclovir, 900 mg, twice daily) that was initiated after detection of CMV DNA in whole blood (≥1000 IU/ml) and stopped after two consecutive negative tests (preemptive therapy patients received weekly CMV PCR tests for 4 months). The primary outcome was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection at 12 months. Key secondary outcomes included subclinical rejection, CMV disease and DNAemia, and neutropenia. RESULTS: The incidence of acute rejection was lower with valganciclovir prophylaxis than with preemptive therapy (13%, 9/70 versus 23%, 16/70), but the difference was not statistically significant. Subclinical rejection at 3 months was lower in the prophylaxis group (13% versus 29%, P = 0.027). Both regimens prevented CMV disease (in 4% of patients in both groups). Compared with prophylaxis, preemptive therapy resulted in significantly higher rates of CMV DNAemia (44% versus 75%, P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of patients experiencing episodes with higher viral load (≥2000 IU/ml), but significantly lower valganciclovir exposure and neutropenia. CONCLUSION: Among kidney transplant recipients, the use of valganciclovir prophylaxis did not result in a significantly lower incidence of acute rejection compared with the use of preemptive therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER: Optimizing Valganciclovir Efficacy in Renal Transplantation (OVERT Study), ACTRN12613000554763 .
- MeSH
- antivirové látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * epidemiologie MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutropenie * chemicky indukované komplikace MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- valganciklovir škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) are an effective system for gene transfer. AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) is commonly used to deliver transgenes to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) via intravitreal injection. The AAV serotype however is not the only factor contributing to the effectiveness of gene therapies. Promoters influence the strength and cell-selectivity of transgene expression. This study compares five promoters designed to maximise AAV2 cargo space for gene delivery: chicken β-actin (CBA), cytomegalovirus (CMV), short CMV early enhancer/chicken β-actin/short β-globulin intron (sCAG), mouse phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and human synapsin (SYN). The promoters driving enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were examined in adult C57BL/6J mice eyes and tissues of the visual system. eGFP expression was strongest in the retina, optic nerves and brain when driven by the sCAG and SYN promoters. CBA, CMV, and PGK had moderate expression by comparison. The SYN promoter had almost exclusive transgene expression in RGCs. The PGK promoter had predominant expression in both RGCs and AII amacrine cells. The ubiquitous CBA, CMV, and sCAG promoters expressed eGFP in a variety of cell types across multiple retinal layers including Müller glia and astrocytes. We also found that these promoters could transduce human retina ex vivo, although expression was predominantly in glial cells due to low RGC viability. Taken together, this promoter comparison study contributes to optimising AAV-mediated transduction in the retina, and could be valuable for research in ocular disorders, particularly those with large or complex genetic cargos.
- MeSH
- aktiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Dependovirus genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genetické vektory genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Parvovirinae * genetika MeSH
- retinální gangliové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- transdukce genetická MeSH
- transgeny MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Kongenitální cytomegalovirová infekce je celosvětově nejčastější vrozenou infekcí (0,2−6 % živě narozených dětí, v zemích s vyšším ekonomickým standardem 0,2−0,6 %). Jedná se o nejčastější příčinu geneticky nepodmíněné senzorineurální ztráty sluchu, má významný podíl na neurologických vývojových poruchách. Rizika přenosu na plod se zásadně liší u primoinfekce (30−35 %) a u reaktivace nebo reinfekce (1,1−1,7 %). Zhruba 90 % novorozenců je v době porodu asymptomatických, avšak u 10−15 % se objevuje v prvních letech života porucha sluchu nebo psychomotorická retardace. Prenatálními klinickými projevy jsou růstová retardace, ventrikulomegalie, mikrocefalie, intrakraniální kalcifikace, postnatálně je nejčastěji patrná nízká porodní hmotnost, mikrocefalie, hypotonie, petechiální exantém, blueberry muffins, hepatosplenomegalie, trombocytopenie, neutropenie, hepatopatie, hyperbilirubinemie, porucha sluchu, chorioretinitida. Diagnóza by měla být stanovena co nejdříve, doporučovaným screeningovým testem je vyšetření slin nebo moči (PCR), s následným kvantitativním stanovením viremie a virurie. Léčba je zahajována v prvních 4 týdnech života u novorozenců s gestačním věkem nad 32 týdnů, vždy při postižení centrální nervové soustavy a/nebo závažném postižení dalších orgánů (játra, kostní dřeň, plíce, oko). Základním virostatikem je intravenózní ganciklovir nebo perorálně podávaný valganciklovir, který by měl být preferován. Doba léčby je 6 měsíců, v indikovaných případech až 1 rok. Dispenzarizace dětí s kongenitální CMV infekcí by měla probíhat minimálně do 4 let věku, nezbytné jsou pravidelné kontroly sluchu, psychomotorického vývoje a zraku.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide (0.2−6 % of live births, 0.2−0.6 % in countries with a higher economic standard). It is the most common cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and has a significant role in neurological developmental disorders. The risks of transmission to the fetus are fundamentally different for primary infection (30−35 %) and for reactivation or reinfection (1.1−1.7 %). About 90 % of newborns are asymptomatic at the time of birth, but 10−15 % develop hearing impairment or neurodevelopmental disorder in the first years of life. Prenatal clinical manifestations include intrauterine growth retardation, ventriculomegaly, microcephaly or intracranial calcification, whereas low birth weight, microcephaly, hypotonia, petechial exanthema, blueberry muffins, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hepatopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, hearing impairment or chorioretinitis are seen postnatally. The diagnosis should be established as soon as possible, the recommended screening test is the examination of saliva or urine (PCR), followed by quantitative viremia and viruria. The treatment is started in the first 4 weeks of life in newborns with a gestational age of over 32 weeks with CNS involvement and/ or severe involvement of other organs (liver, bone marrow, lungs, eye). The basic virostatic agent is intravenous ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir. The duration of treatment is 6 months, in indicated cases up to 1 year. The follow-up of children with congenital CMV infection should last until at least 4 years of age, regular evaluation of hearing, neurodevelopmental outcome and vision are necessary.
Kongenitálna cytomegalovírusová infekcia (cCMV) je najčastejšou negenetickou príčinou vrodenej senzorineurálnej poruchy sluchu (SNHL) a jednou z najprevalentnejších kongenitálnych infekcií. Jej príznaky sú variabilné, od trombocytopénie až po poruchy neurologického vývinu. Dlhodobé následky vrátane SNHL sa vyskytujú zhruba u 15 % novorodencov s cCMV. Novorodenci sú avšak často pri narodení asymptomatickí a klinický obraz sa rozvinie neskôr v detstve, čo vedie k vysokému počtu nediagnostikovaných prípadov. Dostupné diagnostické metódy vykazujú rôznu mieru spoľahlivosti a vyžadujú si správnu indikáciu a následnú interpretáciu výsledkov. Iný prístup predstavuje implementácia plošného skríningu cCMV do existujúcich programov univerzálneho neonatálneho skríningu. Cieľom našej prehľadovej práce je sumarizácia najnovších poznatkov o kongenitálnej CMV infekcii v spojení s poruchou sluchu, s osobitným zameraním na súčasné možnosti jej diagnostiky.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common non-genetic cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and one of the most prevalent inborn infections. Its symptoms are variable, from thrombocytopenia to neurodevelopmental defects. Long-term consequences, including SNHL, occur in about 15% of newborns. However, they are often born asymptomatic and the SNHL develops later in childhood, leading to a high number of undiagnosed cases. Available diagnostic methods vary in their reliability and require correct indication and subsequent interpretation of the results. A different approach represents the implementation of full-scale cCMV screening into the current neonatal screening programs. The goal of our review article is to summarize the currently available data about congenital CMV infection associated with hearing loss with particular emphasis on recent diagnostic strategies.
- MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * diagnóza komplikace přenos MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- poruchy sluchu * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vertikální přenos infekce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH