Entamoeba moshkovskii Tshalaia, 1941 is prevalent in developing countries and it is considered to be primarily a free-living amoeba, which is morphologically indistinguishable, but biochemically and genetically different from the human infecting, pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903. The pathogenic potential of this organism is still under discussion. Entamoeba moshkovskii in human stool samples has been reported in different countries such as the United States, Italy, Australia, Iran, Turkey, Bangladesh, India (Pondicherry), Indonesia, Colombia, Malaysia, Tunisia, Tanzania and Brazil, but no data are available about the occurrence of E. moshkovskii in farm animals. This study provides data on the occurrence of E. moshkovskii in pigs in a total of 294 fresh faecal samples collected from five different regions in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Stool samples were tested by nested PCR using primers targeting SSU rDNA of E. moshkovskii. The amplified PCR products were further confirmed by RFLP technique. Purified nested PCR products were also sequenced and identified via BLAST program run on the NCBI website to confirm species along with their genetic characteristics of the E. moshkovskii isolates. Overall 5.4 % samples were identified as E. moshkovskii positive. Results of this study demonstrate that swine can host E. moshkovskii and should be considered as a potential natural reservoir for E. moshkovskii. However, the occurrence of E. moshkovskii infection in pigs was not statistically associated with their faecal consistency, sex and developmental stage.
Although the microscopic examination of stool samples remains the reference method of choice for the diagnosis of intestinal protistan infections, this method is time-consuming and requires experienced and well-trained operators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement between the BD MAX TM Enteric Parasite Panel (EPP) and microscopy for the detection of Giardia intestinalis (Lambl, 1859), Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 in stool samples. The study included faecal samples of 362 patients who were admitted to our hospital due to gastrointestinal complaints. In the microscopic examination, which was made with the native-lugol method on the stool samples that were taken from the patients, cysts, trophozoites and eggs of the parasite were examined. The diagnosis of G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912 and Cryptosporidium hominis Morgan-Ryan, Fall, Ward, Hijjawi, Sulaiman, Fayer, Thompson, Olson, Lal et Xiao, 2002, and E. histolytica was made in the faecal samples using the EPP assay. In the microscopic examination, Cryptosporidium spp. positive stool samples were stained with kinyoun's acid-fast. In the microscopic examination, parasites were detected in 41 (11%) of the 362 stool samples. In contrast, EPP assay identified parasites in 23 (6.3%) of the samples. In the microscopic examination, E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925 were detected in 22 (6.1%) of the samples, G. intestinalis was seen in 15 (4.1%), and C. parvum or C. hominis were detected in three (0.8%); these values were five (1.4%), 16 (4.4%) and two (0.5%) positive with the EPP assay. Although C. parvum or C. hominis were detected as positive in the microscopic examination of three samples, only two of the samples were positive in both EPP assay and kinyoun's acid-fast method. The EPP assay is a relatively simple test that can distinguish E. histolytica and E. dispar, but it cannot replace microscopy in the diagnosis of amoebiasis. Diagnosis for G. intestinalis and C. parvum/C. hominis with the BD MAXTM enteric parasite panel was equivalent to that with microscopy. We believe that E. histolytica must be diagnosed with nucleic acid amplification tests that have a high sensitivity and specificity like EPP assay in certain patient groups.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium parvum izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- entamébóza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- Giardia lamblia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- giardiáza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Turecko MeSH
Amébová kolitida je v rozvojových oblastech běžnou parazitární infekcí. V západních zemích se s ní však setkáváme jen sporadicky. Klinická symptomatologie je obvykle necharakteristická, neinvazivní laboratorní testy bývají často falešně negativní a histopatologický nález může mimikovat řadu jiných onemocnění, zejména Crohnovu chorobu. Diagnostika je tak svízelná a nese s sebou vysoké riziko chybně stanovené diagnózy. Prezentujeme zde případ 53leté ženy, u které byla tato diagnóza stanovena až na základě mikroskopického obrazu.
Amoebic colitis represents a common parasitic infection in developing countries. In western world, it is encountered only sporadically. The clinical presentation is usually non-specific, non-invasive laboratory tests are often false negative and endoscopic and histopathological appearance may mimic other illnesses, especially Crohn's disease. The disease therefore harbours a huge risk of misdiagnosing and a proper diagnosis is usually challenging. We present a case of an amoebic colitis with Crohn-like features and negative parasitological testing in a 53-years-old woman, in which the final diagnosis was established on the basis of its histopathological examination.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- entamébóza * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica patogenita MeSH
- kolitida * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- kolonoskopie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronidazol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Key to the success of orangutan conservation management practices is the prevention of the introduction of infectious diseases to the remaining populations. Previous reports of Entamoeba spp. positive orangutans are of concern as Entamoeba spp. infection has been linked to morbidity and mortality in primates. It remains to be determined if the Entamoeba species infecting orangutans is the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Orangutan fecal samples have been collected from orangutans from sites in Sumatra (Bukit Lawang, Ketambe, and Suaq, 241 samples from 64 individuals), and two sites in Kalimantan (Sebangau and Tuanan, 129 samples from 39 individuals). All samples were from wild orangutans except for a proportion from Sumatra which were from semi-wild (108 samples, 10 individuals). E. histolytica-specific nested PCR assays were carried out on the fecal samples. A total of 36 samples from 17 individuals tested positive for E. histolytica. When compared with published sequences using NCBI BLAST the E. histolytica positive samples showed a 98-99% concordance. The majority (76%, n = 36) of the positive isolates came from semi-wild orangutans in Bukit Lawang. This study supports the growing body of evidence that contact with humans is an important risk factor for infection of wild primates with E. histolytica.
- MeSH
- entamébóza epidemiologie MeSH
- Entamoeba genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- Pongo parazitologie MeSH
- zoonózy epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Borneo MeSH
- Indonésie MeSH
Understanding the complex Entamoeba communities in the mammalian intestine has been, to date, complicated by the lack of a suitable approach for molecular detection of multiple variants co-occurring in mixed infections. Here, we report on the application of a high throughput sequencing approach based on partial 18S rDNA using the Illumina MiSeq platform. We describe, to our knowledge, for the first time, the Entamoeba communities in humans, free-ranging western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees living in the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon. We detected 36 Entamoeba haplotypes belonging to six haplotype clusters, containing haplotypes possessing high and low host specificity. Most of the detected haplotypes belonged to commensal Entamoeba, however, the pathogenic species (Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba nuttalli) were also detected. We observed that some Entamoeba haplotypes are shared between humans and other hosts, indicating their zoonotic potential. The findings are important not only for understanding the epidemiology of amoebiasis in humans in rural African localities, but also in the context of wild great ape conservation.
- MeSH
- entamébóza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Entamoeba * MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
To address the molecular diversity and occurrence of pathogenic species of the genus Entamoeba spp. in wild non-human primates (NHP) we conducted molecular-phylogenetic analyses on Entamoeba from wild chimpanzees living in the Issa Valley, Tanzania. We compared the sensitivity of molecular [using a genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and coproscopic detection (merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration) of Entamoeba spp. We identified Entamoeba spp. in 72 chimpanzee fecal samples (79%) subjected to species-specific PCRs for six Entamoeba species/groups (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba nuttalli, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba polecki ST2). We recorded three Entamoeba species: E. coli (47%), E. dispar (16%), Entamoeba hartmanni (51%). Coproscopically, we could only distinguish the cysts of complex E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii/nuttalli and E. coli. Molecular prevalence of entamoebas was higher than the prevalence based on the coproscopic examination. Our molecular phylogenies showed that sequences of E. dispar and E. coli from Issa chimpanzees are closely related to sequences from humans and other NHP from GenBank. The results showed that wild chimpanzees harbour Entamoeba species similar to those occurring in humans; however, no pathogenic species were detected. Molecular-phylogenetic methods are critical to improve diagnostics of entamoebas in wild NHP and for determining an accurate prevalence of Entamoeba species.
- MeSH
- entamébóza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Entamoeba klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes parazitologie MeSH
- pastviny MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie epidemiologie MeSH
Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are two microscopically indistinguishable amoebae living in the human colon. The former is a pathogen, whereas the latter is a nonpathogenic commensal. Using a model system of in vitro cocultures and PCR detection of the Entamoeba species, we found that the nonpathogenic species can rapidly outgrow the pathogen in xenic cultures.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- entamébóza diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica genetika klasifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- Entamoeba genetika klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- protozoální DNA analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- amébová dyzenterie diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- amébový absces jater diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- cysteinové endopeptidasy izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- entamébóza diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- lektiny izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- peptidy izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- virulence fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- MeSH
- absces mozku farmakoterapie mortalita parazitologie MeSH
- amébicidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- amébový absces jater diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- apendicitida parazitologie MeSH
- entamébóza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica patogenita MeSH
- kolitida diagnóza farmakoterapie parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronidazol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- toxické megakolon parazitologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
