The species of Comamonas testosteroni is the most common human pathogen of the genus, which can be associated with acute appendicitis, infections of the bloodstream, the peritoneal cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, inflammatory bowel disease, and in general, bacteremia. According to the literature, Comamonas testosteroni has destructive activity to a wide range of toxic chemical compounds, including chlorobenzenes. The specified strains were isolated from the soil of the organochlorine waste landfill, where hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was predominant. These strains were expected to be capable of degrading HCB. Microbiological (bacterial enrichment and cultivating, bacterial biomass obtaining), molecular biology, biochemical (enzymatic activities, malondialdehyde measuring, peroxidation lipid products measuring), and statistical methods were carried out in this research. The reaction of both strains (UCM B-400 and UCM B-401) to the hexachlorobenzene presence differed in the content of diene and triene conjugates and malondialdehyde, as well as different catalase and peroxidase activity levels. In terms of primary peroxidation products, diene conjugates were lower, except conditions with 20 mg/L HCB, where these were higher up to two times, than the pure control. Malondialdehyde in strain B-400 cells decreased up to five times, in B-401, but increased up to two times, compared to the pure control. Schiff bases in strain B-400 cells were 2-3 times lower than the pure control. However, in B-401 cells Schiff bases under higher HCB dose were in the same level with the pure control. Catalase activity was 1.5 times higher in all experimental variants, compared to the pure control (in the strain B-401 cells), but in the B-400 strain, cells were 2 times lower, compared to the pure control. The response of the two strains to hexachlorobenzene was similar only in peroxidase activity terms, which was slightly higher compared to the pure control. The physiological response of Comamonas testosteroni strains to hexachlorobenzene has a typical strain reaction. The physiological response level of these strains to hexachlorobenzene confirms its tolerance, and indirectly, the ability to destroy the specified toxic compound.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- chlorbenzeny MeSH
- Comamonas testosteroni * MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen * MeSH
- katalasa MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- malondialdehyd MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů MeSH
- půda MeSH
- Schiffovy báze MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous and toxic contaminants. Their atmospheric deposition fluxes on the regional scale were quantified based on simultaneous sampling during 1 to 5 years at 1 to 6 background/rural sites in the Czech Republic and Austria. The samples were extracted and analysed by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For all seasons and sites, total deposition fluxes for Σ15PAHs ranged 23-1100 ng m-2 d-1, while those for Σ6PCBs and Σ12OCPs ranged 64-4400 and 410-7800 pg m-2 d-1, respectively. Fluoranthene and pyrene were the main contributors to the PAH deposition fluxes, accounting on average for 19% each, while deposition fluxes of PCBs and OCPs were dominated by PCB153 (26%) and γ-hexachlorobenzene (30%), respectively. The highest deposition flux of Σ15PAHs was generally found in spring, while no seasonality was found for PCB deposition. For deposition fluxes for Σ12OCPs, no clear spatial trend was found, confirming the perception of long-lived regional pollutants. Although most OCPs and PCBs hardly partition to the particulate phase in ambient air, on average, 42% of their deposition fluxes were found on filters, confirming the perception that particle deposition is more efficient than dry gaseous deposition. Due to methodological constraints, fluxes derived from bulk deposition samplers should be understood as lower estimates, in particular with regard to those substances which in ambient aerosols mostly partition to the particulate phase.
- MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Rakousko MeSH
Two laboratory performance studies with 21 and 11 participants were carried out for passive sampling of nonpolar chemicals in water, using silicone samplers that were deployed for 7 wk and 13 wk at 2 river sites in the Netherlands. Target analytes were polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorobenzene, and a number of performance reference compounds (PRCs). Calculation of aqueous concentrations based on prescribed input values and a prescribed uptake model was also included. Between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) in the analysis of target compounds were approximately 20% at concentrations of 100 ng g(-1) and approximately 100% at concentrations of 0.01 ng g(-1) , which was similar to previous results for the analysis of biota samples. The analysis of PRCs yielded water sampling rates with a between-laboratory CV of 18% to 30%. The sampling rate model showed a nearly perfect match with the consensus values of retained PRCs. The implications of the present study for future interlaboratory exercises are discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1156-1161. © 2016 SETAC.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery analýza MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nizozemsko MeSH
Passive air samplers were used to evaluate long-term trends and spatial distribution of trace organic compounds in Antarctica. Duplicate PUF disk samplers were deployed at six automatic weather stations in the coastal area of the Ross sea (East Antarctica), between December 2010 and January 2011, during the XXVI Italian Scientific Research Expedition. Among the investigated persistent organic compounds, Hexachlorobenzene was the most abundant, with air concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 50 pg m(-3). In general, the following decreasing concentration order was found for the air samples analyzed: HCB > PeCB > PCBs > DDTs > HCHs. While HCB concentrations were in the same range as those reported in the atmosphere of other Antarctic sampling areas and did not show a decline, HCHs and DDTs levels were lower or similar to those determined one or two decades ago. In general, the very low concentrations reflected the pristine state of the East Antarctica air. Backward trajectories indicated the prevalence of air masses coming from the Antarctic continent. Local contamination and volatilization from ice were suggested as potential sources for the presence of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere.
- MeSH
- atmosféra analýza MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- organické látky analýza MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- chlorované pesticidy,
- MeSH
- DDT krev MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen krev MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- pesticidy * krev MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly * krev MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Near-ground air (26 substances) and surface seawater (55 substances) concentrations of persistent toxic substances (PTS) were determined in July 2012 in a coordinated and coherent way around the Aegean Sea based on passive air (10 sites in 5 areas) and water (4 sites in 2 areas) sampling. The direction of air-sea exchange was determined for 18 PTS. Identical samplers were deployed at all sites and were analysed at one laboratory. hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products are evenly distributed in the air of the whole region. Air concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and o,p'-DDT and seawater concentrations of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were elevated in Thermaikos Gulf, northwestern Aegean Sea. The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener pattern in air is identical throughout the region, while polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)patterns are obviously dissimilar between Greece and Turkey. Various pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, DDE, and penta- and hexachlorobenzene are found close to phase equilibrium or net-volatilisational (upward flux), similarly at a remote site (on Crete) and in the more polluted Thermaikos Gulf. The results suggest that effective passive air sampling volumes may not be representative across sites when PAHs significantly partitioning to the particulate phase are included.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- DDT analýza MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery analýza MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- hexachlorcyklohexan analýza MeSH
- kvalita vody MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- mořská voda chemie MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Řecko MeSH
- Turecko MeSH
Superficial sediments from Lenga estuary in the VIII region of central Chile were analysed for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Organic carbon (OC) analysis was also performed and the statistical correlations (Pearson correlations) between compounds were also tested. Results showed the total PCB concentrations (ng g(-)(1)d.w.) fluctuated from ∼ 20 to 10,000. These levels are higher than those reported in other coastal sediments of the world. The PCB profile was dominated by middle to highly chlorinated congeners (6-Cl=40% and 7-Cl=30%). HCB concentrations (ng g(-)(1)d.w.), were lower than the PCBs and, fluctuated between 1 (at L1) and 870 (at L4). OC values ranged from 1% (L1) to 7% (L4) showing a significant positive correlations between OC% and PCBs (r=0.86; p<0.05) and for HCB (r=0.71). These results are an important contribution to knowledge of levels of POPs levels in coastal Chilean environments.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- estuár * MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
Within our research project, 34 river bottom sediments were collected in 2006-2007 at five areas across Slovakia with industrial sources of persistent organic pollutants (Košice, Krompachy, Nemecká, Šala, Nováky) and one background area (Starina). Sediments were analyzed for seven 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and 10 dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 12 dioxin-like and 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) with 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE). Analytical procedure based on accelerated solvent extraction followed by a semi-automated clean-up and fractionation was used. Determination of target compounds was performed by HRGC-HRMS analysis. Total WHO toxic equivalent WHO1998-PCDD/F/dl-PCB-TEQ concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 559 pg TEQ g(-1) dry matter (dm), with a median 2.2 pg TEQ g(-1) dm. The sums of six indicator PCBs were in the range 0.56-1014 ng g(-1) dm, with a median 11.8 ng g(-1) dm. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides HCB and p,p'-DDE/DDT varied from 0.15 to 34.8 ng g(-1) dm, with a median 0.91 ng g(-1) dm and 0.46-34.1 ng g(-1)dm, with a median 6.7 ng g(-1)dm, respectively. The most abundant congeners in all sediment samples among dioxins, furans and PCBs were OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, PCB-118 and PCB-153.
- MeSH
- benzofurany analýza MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- polymery analýza MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Pesticides are a class of xenobiotics intentionally released into the environment. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was used as a fungicide from 1945, leaving behind many contaminated sites. Very few studies have examined the biodegradation of HCB or the fate of HCB-derived carbon. Here we report that certain bacterial populations are capable of deriving carbon from HCB in contaminated soil under aerobic conditions. These populations are primarily Proteobacteria, including Methylobacterium and Pseudomonas, which predominated as detected by stable isotope probing (SIP) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. Due to the nature of SIP, which can be used as a functional method solely for assimilatory processes, it is not possible to elucidate whether these populations metabolized directly HCB or intermediates of its metabolism produced by different populations. The possibility exists that HCB is degraded via the formation of pentachlorophenol (PCP), which is further mineralized. With this in mind, we designed primers to amplify PCP 4-monooxygenase-coding sequences based on the available pcpB gene sequence from Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, organisms closely related to this strain were detected in (13)C-labeled DNA. Using the designed primers, we were able to amplify pcpB genes in both total community DNA and (13)C-DNA. This indicates that HCB might be transformed into PCP before it gets assimilated. In summary, this study is the first report on which bacterial populations benefit from carbon originating in the pesticide HCB in a contaminated soil.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen chemie metabolismus MeSH
- izotopové značení MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku metabolismus MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- Methylobacterium metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí metabolismus MeSH
- pentachlorfenol chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Pseudomonas metabolismus MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate possible obesogenic and diabetogenic impact of highly increased serum level of persistent organochlorinated pollutants POPs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiethyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), on the level of obesity markers (cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum, and body mass index [BMI]) and diabetes markers (fasting glucose and fasting insulin in serum) in inhabitans of Eastern Slovakia. Methods. In young (21-40 years) males (n=248) and females (n=330) as well as in old (41-75 years) males (n=586) and females (n=889), the serum levels of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (Σ15PCBs), p,p'-DDE and HCB, and serum insulin, testosterone, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels have been estimated by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by the appropriate electrochemiluminiscent immunoassay or chemical methods, respectively. Results. In both age groups of males and females, the levels of Σ15PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB were very high and their mutual interrelations were highly significant (p<0.01). However, it should be noted that no significant changes were found in individual variables related to very high level of Σ15PCBs, except of increased BMI (p>0.05) in females. In all ages and gender groups, defined above general as related to increasing level of individual OCPs in individual age and gender groups, significant increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as BMI values, supported their obesogenic effect, while significant increase in fasting glucose and insulin in serum, supported their diabetogenic effect. Finally, highly significant decrease in testosterone level, as found in both young and old males, supported the antiandrogenic effect, namely of HCB. However, somewhat less of p,p'-DDE, while PCBs did not show any such effect in spite of their very high level. Conclusions. Highly increased blood levels of diabetes (fasting glucose and insulin) and obesity markers (cholesterol, triglyceride and BMI) were found in large groups of males and females in highly polluted area of Slovakia. Significant decrease in testosterone level was also observed in males.
- MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza krev MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza krev MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH