• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnostic imaging   classification   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Fistula diagnosis   classification   pathology   MeSH
• Vestibular Diseases * diagnostic imaging   etiology   pathology   MeSH
• Inflammation * diagnostic imaging   classification   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• akutní vestibulokochleární deficit,
• MeSH
• Acute Disease MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Epistaxis * etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis * diagnosis   etiology   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Hearing Loss, Sudden * diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Deafness genetics   congenital   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Hearing Loss diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Labyrinth Diseases diagnosis   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Hearing Disorders diagnosis   etiology   chemically induced   MeSH
• Vestibular Diseases chemically induced   virology   MeSH
• Neuroma, Acoustic diagnostic imaging   therapy   MeSH
• Ear, Inner abnormalities   pathology   injuries   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Medical History Taking MeSH
• Autoimmune Diseases complications   MeSH
• Bilateral Vestibulopathy * diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Otological MeSH
• Diagnostic Imaging methods   utilization   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Gentamicins administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Disease Attributes * MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meniere Disease MeSH
• Meningoencephalitis complications   MeSH
• Vestibulocochlear Nerve physiopathology   MeSH
• Rehabilitation * methods   MeSH
• Somatosensory Disorders diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Toxic Actions MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Medical History Taking methods   MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological utilization   MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Otological utilization   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Electronystagmography MeSH
• Friedreich Ataxia diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
• Central Nervous System Neoplasms MeSH
• Neurotology methods   MeSH
• Pediatrics * methods   MeSH
• Somatosensory Disorders diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Vertigo * diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Vestibular Diseases * diagnosis   etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Dizziness diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meniere Disease diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Cerebellar Neoplasms diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Brain Neoplasms diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Otologic Surgical Procedures * classification   methods   utilization   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Nerve Compression Syndromes diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Vertigo diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Vestibular Diseases * diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Vestibular Neuronitis diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Dizziness * diagnosis   surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Porucha sluchu v souvislosti s věkem, presbyakuze, je nejčastější senzorická abnormalita ve stáří. Etiologie presbyakuze je multifaktoriální, zahrnuje působení hluku, ototoxických látek, zánětlivých faktorů a v neposlední řadě faktory genetické. Tradiční pojetí presbyakuze se omezovalo na popis patologických mechanismů ve vnitřním uchu, v současnosti chápeme presbyakuzi jako soubor změn, které nastávají v souvislosti se stárnutím v celém sluchovém systému (a v případě poruchy vnímání řeči i mimo sluchový systém). Patologické změny v souvislosti s věkem postihují vnější vláskové buňky, vnitřní vláskové buňky a jejich synapse s vlákny nervových buněk spirálního ganglia, ale také nervové buňky centrálního sluchového systému. Z hlediska funkčního nalézáme v souvislosti s věkem kromě zvýšení sluchového prahu také změny ve vnímání časových parametrů zvukových podnětů a změny prostorového slyšení. Cílem práce je přinést přehled současných znalostí o problematice presbyakuze, a to jak na základě výsledků získaných v pokusu na zvířeti, tak z hlediska znalostí současné audiologie, psychoakustiky a zobrazovacích metod.

Age-related hearing loss, presbycusis, is the most frequently occurring sensory abnormality associated with aging. Etiology of presbycusis is multifactorial, comprising effects of noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, inflammation and last but not least genetic factors. Traditionally presbycusis was described as a complex of pathological changes appearing in the inner ear in the process of aging, at present we understand presbycusis as a complex of changes occurring in the whole auditory system (and in the case of speech perception in the non-auditory part of the brain as well). Age-related pathological vulnerability is present in the outer hair cells, inner hair cells and especially in their ribbon synapses that contact auditory nerve fibers, but also in neurons of the central auditory system. From the functional point of view, in addition to increased hearing thresholds, presbycusis is characterized also by decreased quality of the temporal processing of sounds as well as of decreased space hearing. The aim of this review is to inform about contemporary knowledge on presbycusis on the basis of results of animal experiments as well as audiological and psychoacoustical observations and results of imaging methods.

• MeSH
• Auditory Diseases, Central physiopathology   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis physiopathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Speech Perception MeSH
• Presbycusis * epidemiology   genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Auditory Perception MeSH
• Hearing Tests MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• otitis media acuta, antibiotika, prevence,
• MeSH
• Brain Abscess diagnosis   drug therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   drug therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mastoiditis diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Meningitis diagnosis   etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Otitis Media etiology   complications   microbiology   MeSH
• Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures methods   MeSH
• Otoscopy MeSH
• Paracentesis utilization   MeSH
• Signs and Symptoms MeSH
• Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis diagnosis   microbiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

CT s vysokým rozlíšením (HRCT) sa stalo metódou voľby v zobrazovaní a diagnostike ochorení stredného ucha a prevodovej poruchy sluchu. Pomocou HRCT dokážeme detailne popísať anatómiu spánkovej kosti, patológiu stredného ucha (otitis média chronica, cholesteatóm a ich komplikácie) a traumatické zmeny. Magnetická rezonancia má naopak vysoké rozlíšenie mäkkých tkanív, preto ju využívame k diferenciálnej diagnostike mäkkotkanivovej masy stredného ucha zobrazenej na CT, k odlíšeniu reziduálneho ochorenia alebo recidívy v teréne pooperačných zmien a k zobrazeniu intrakraniálnych komplikácií akútnej a chronickej otitídy CT a MR sú komplementárnymi zobrazovacími metódami, pomáhajú stanoviť správnu diagnózu, ktorá je pre klinika dôležitá z hľadiska stratégie liečby. V publikácii uvádzame spektrum patológií stredného ucha, s ktorými sa pri zobrazení spánkovej kosti môžeme stretnúť a na ktoré treba myslieť.

High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a modality of choice in diagnostic imaging of middle ear pathology and conductive hearing loss. It enables to image a detail anatomy of temporal bone, pathology of middle ear (e.g. chronic otitis média, cholesteatoma and their complications) and traumatic changes in this area. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables a high resolution of soft tissue structures. It is used in imaging of soft tissue masses in middle ear cavity previously diagnosed on CT, differentiating residual disease or recurrence in postoperative ear, and in imaging of intracranial complications of acute and chronic otitis. CT and MRI are complementary imaging modalities in helping the clinicians to determine the proper strategy for patient treatment. In this article we are listing a spectrum of different pathologic conditions of inner ear.

• MeSH
• Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear diagnosis   MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Otological instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Gadolinium diagnostic use   MeSH
• Glomus Tumor diagnosis   MeSH
• Contrast Media diagnostic use   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   utilization   MeSH
• Neurilemmoma diagnosis   MeSH
• Otitis diagnosis   MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods   utilization   MeSH
• Ear, Middle physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Ear physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Neuroma, Acoustic diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Zobrazenie sluchového nervu a vnútorného ucha ako aj vyšších centier sluchovej dráhy pred kochleárnou implantáciou pomocou MR a/alebo CT je v dnešnej dobe štandardom. Stav vnútorného ucha má zásadný vplyv na výsledok kochleárnej implantácie (Kí). U väčšiny kandidátov na Kí je hluchota spôsobená poruchou funkcie Cortiho orgánu v inak anatomicky diferencovanom uchu so zachovaným počtom gangliových buniek a vlákien sluchového nervu. Úlohou zobrazovacích metód je prispieť k určeniu príčiny hluchoty a identifikovať anatomické podmienky pre samotný chirurgický výkon. V článku sme sa zamerali na spektrum patologických nálezov spánkovej kosti, vnútorného ucha a sluchového nervu, s ktorými sa môžeme stretnúť a na ktoré pred kochleárnou implantáciou treba upozorniť. Predoperačné zistenie abnormalít na úrovni vnútorného a prípadne stredného ucha, dáva chirurgovi možnosť implantovať vhodné ucho, naplánovať chirurgický postup a vybrať správny typ elektródy na implantáciu.

CT and/or MR imaging of acoustic nerve, inner ear and superior centers of acoustic pathway is a gold štandard before planned cochlear implantation. Condition of inner ear plays an important role in determining the outcome of cochlear implantation (CI). Most of the candidates for CI lost their hearing by impairment of the Corti organ, in otherwise anatomically normal ear with normál number of ganglion cells and fibers of acoustic nerve. Role of imaging is help to find the cause of deafness and identify anatómie conditions before surgical intervention. In this article we are trying to review different pathologic conditions of temporal bone, inner ear and acoustic nerve that are important to identify before cochlear implantation. Detection of abnormality in inner or middle ear gives surgeon a possibility to implant in a proper part of ear, pian the specific surgical techinque and determine the right type of eleetrode for implantation.

• MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Otological instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Gadolinium diagnostic use   MeSH
• Cochlear Implantation methods   utilization   MeSH
• Contrast Media diagnostic use   MeSH
• Labyrinthitis diagnosis   etiology   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   utilization   MeSH
• Meningitis diagnosis   etiology   pathology   MeSH
• Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases MeSH
• Otosclerosis diagnosis   etiology   pathology   MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods   utilization   MeSH
• Persons with Disabilities MeSH
• Temporal Bone physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Ear, Inner physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH