BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in research focused on alcohol (e.g., Brighton, Moxham & Traynor, 2016; DOI 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000136) despite the changing patterns of alcohol consumption, which has been increasing in women in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between habitual alcohol consumption and centre of pressure (CoP) parameters during stance and gait while intoxicated by alcohol. METHODS: Thirty women (24.39 ± 2.93 years) participated in this study. All participants were asked to answer the AUDIT questionnaire. Stance and gait analysis were repeated under two conditions on a Zebris platform (FDM GmbH; Munich, Germany): when the participants were sober (0.00% breath alcohol concentration, BrAC) and when they were in an intoxicated state (0.11% BrAC). Participants were divided by their AUDIT score into a low-risk alcohol consumption group (n = 15; AUDIT score: 3 to 6) and a hazardous alcohol consumption group (n = 15; AUDIT score: 7 to 13). RESULTS: No statistical difference was observed in stance and gait parameters when comparing the low-risk and hazardous groups under 0.00% BrAC and 0.11% BrAC conditions. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing 0.00% BrAC and 0.11% BrAC conditions within each group. This significant difference was found in CoP path length and CoP average velocity during quiet stance. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in CoP parameters during gait. An alcohol intoxication of 0.11% BrAC was not sufficient to cause statistically significant impairments in butterfly parameters of gait.

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• ethanol analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper presents a retrospective review of patterns found in cases of homicides by sharp force over a 13-year period at the Department of Forensic Pathology of the Ostrava University Hospital, Czech Republic. The review summarizes all frequently discussed aspects of such cases including the number and localization of injuries, the presence of defensive wounds, the type of the offending weapon, the cause of death, the place of death, victims' and perpetrators' profiles, their relationship, or toxicological findings. Furthermore, special attention was paid to the evaluation of any accompanying blunt force trauma that may be indicative of an escalation of the assault. The set of data was statistically analyzed. Even though most of the results of this review are consistent with available published studies, noteworthy differences have emerged in some aspects such as the sex and age of the victims, the relationship between the number of injuries suffered and the victims' sex, or the severity of alcohol intoxication in victims.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• tupá poranění * patologie   MeSH
• vražda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Alcohol contributes to a large number of diseases and health conditions related to injuries. The aim of our study was to evaluate gender differences in forward and backward gait when sober and at a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.11%. Fifty females and fifty males participated in our study. The gait analysis was performed twice, when sober and after drinking a given amount of vodka mixed with orange juice. Under both conditions, participants were asked to walk forward and then backward on a Zebris platform. Multivariate analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between genders when walking forward and backward. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare the differences between 0.00% BrAC and 0.11% BrAC. Spearman's Rho was used to analyze the relationship between the AUDIT score, anthropometrical characteristics and the subjective score of drunkenness and gait parameters. The results show different strategies to improve stability during gait in women and men when intoxicated with alcohol. When intoxicated, males in forward gait increase their stability by increasing their foot rotation, while females increase their step width. A decrease in balance-related variables was observed in females when walking backward with a BrAC of 0.11%. Additionally, females tended to perform an increase in balance-related gait variables when subjectively feeling more drunk in both forward and backward gait. Different strategies to maintain stability during gait were observed in women and men. The results of our study show that alcohol intoxication has a greater impact on gait in females who tended to perform an increase in balance-related variables with an increase in their subjective score of drunkenness.

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• dechové testy metody   MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• ambulantní kliniky nemocniční MeSH
• ambulantní péče * metody   MeSH
• anafylaxe terapie   MeSH
• hyperglykemie terapie   MeSH
• hypoglykemie terapie   MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otrava alkoholem MeSH
• příjem pacientů MeSH
• vnitřní lékařství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH

Etylalkohol je známou, spoločensky tolerovanou drogou. O jeho škodlivosti na ľudské zdravie, včítane jeho asociovaného negatívneho vplyvu na rodinné väzby príslušníkov alkoholikov, sa veľmi dobre vie. Ide o interdisciplinárny problém, ktorého riešenie si vyžaduje finančné vklady, celospoločenskú podporu, angažovanie širšej skupiny odborníkov a nakoniec aj aktívny prístup mládeže i dospelých k tomuto problému. Tu referujeme šesť letálnych prípadov intoxikácií etylalkoholom. Prvá kazuistika sa venuje žene, ktorá v opitosti umiera v herni. Druhý prípad uvádza muža, ktorý v opitosti umiera pri rybníku. Tretí opisuje priebeh výletu spojeného s pitím a úmrtím muža v aute. Štvrtý prípad je založený na báze celodenného popíjania a následným úmrtím muža. Piaty prípad opisuje priebeh bujarej oslavy, ktorá sa končí úmrtím muža. Posledný šiesty prípad dokumentuje ťažkú otravu muža alkoholom, ktorý v kombinácii s požitím kanabinoidov umiera na lavičke autobusovej stanice. Sú diskutované príčiny a dôvody vedúce k takýmto tragickým udalostiam. Upozorňuje sa na nebezpečenstvá, ktoré vyplývajú z nárazového pitia príležitostných konzumentov a tiež na nebezpečenstvá nárazového pitia osôb, ktoré dlhodobo v nadmerných dávkach užívajú alkoholické nápoje. Zvlášť je diskutovaná prevencia užívania alkoholických nápojov detí a mládeže, včítane prevencie alkoholizmu. Sú navrhnuté edukačné programy, ktoré by mohli odtabuizovať túto problematiku a v rámci toho formovať postoje detí, mládeže i dospelých na pitie alkoholu aj s očakávaním zníženia prípadov úmrtí intoxikáciou etylalkoholom v budúcnosti.

Alcohol is a well-known, socially tolerated drug. Its harmfulness to human health, including its associated negative impact on the family of alcoholics, is well known. It is an interdisciplinary problem, whose solution requires financial contributions, society support, the involvement of a wider group of experts and finally also an active approach on young people and adults to this problem. The work is based on six lethal alcohol intoxication cases. The first case is devoted to a woman who dies in alcohol intoxication in the casino. The second case involves a man who died near the pond in alcohol intoxication. The third describes the course of the trip associated with drinking to the alcohol poisoning stage and the subsequent death of a man in a car. The fourth case is based on continual full-day drinking to the alcohol poisoning stage and subsequent death of a man. The fifth case describes the course of a riotous celebration, which ends with the death of an alcohol poisoned man. The last sixth case documents an alcohol poisoned man, which in combination with the ingestion of cannabinoids died on a bus station. The causes and reasons leading to such tragic events are discussed here. Attention is drawn to the dangers arising from the sudden drinking of occasional consumers and also to the dangers of the sudden drinking of persons who consume alcohol in excessive doses for a long time. Furthermore, the prevention of the use of alcoholic beverages by children and young people, including the prevention of alcoholism are discussed. Educational programs are proposed to create a remedial measure for de-tabooing this issue and format the attitudes of children, adolescents and adults to drinking alcohol, with the expectation of a reduction in deaths from alcohol intoxication in the future.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ethanol otrava   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá smrt MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• pití alkoholu prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• poruchy způsobené alkoholem prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• primární prevence MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adolescent alcohol consumption is a major public health concern that should be continuously monitored. This study aims (i) to analyze country-level trends in weekly alcohol consumption, drunkenness and early initiation in alcohol consumption and drunkenness among 15-year-old adolescents from 39 countries and regions across Europe and North America between 2002 and 2014 and (ii) to examine the geographical patterns in adolescent alcohol-related behaviours. METHODS: The sample was composed of 250 161 adolescents aged 15 from 39 countries and regions from Europe and North America. Survey years were 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. The alcohol consumption and drunkenness items of the HBSC questionnaire were employed. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: Data show a general decrease in all four alcohol variables between 2002 and 2014 except for some countries. However, there is variability both within a country (depending on the alcohol-related behaviour under study) and across countries (in the beginning and shape of trends). Some countries have not reduced or even increased their levels in some variables. Although some particularities have persisted over time, there are no robust patterns by regions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an overall decrease in adolescent alcohol consumption, special attention should be paid to those countries where declines are not present, or despite decreasing, rates are still high. Further research is needed to clarify factors associated with adolescent drinking, to better understand country specificities and to implement effective policies.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * epidemiologie   MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• pití nezletilých * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Evidence suggests that changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were unevenly distributed over consumer groups. We investigated possible inter-country differences in how changes in alcohol consumption are contingent on initial consumption (before or at the start of the pandemic), and how changes in consumption translate into possible changes in the prevalence of heavy drinking. We used data from the European Survey on Alcohol use and COVID-19 (ESAC) conducted in Czechia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Spain, and the UK (N = 31921). Past-year alcohol consumption and changes in consumption were measured by AUDIT-C. Drinking habits were compared according to percentiles of pre-pandemic consumption levels, below versus above the 90th percentile. Across countries, drinkers in the highest 10% for pre-pandemic consumption increased their drinking during the pandemic, whereas absolute changes among those initially drinking below this level were modest. The percentage of people reporting >28 alcohol units/week increased significantly in seven of eight countries. During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol consumption in the upper decile of the drinkers increased as did the prevalence of heavy drinkers, in contrast with a declining consumption in other groups in the sample.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otrava alkoholem * MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Alkohol kolujúci v žilách detí a mládeže je roky trvajúcim problémom, a to nie len na Slovensku. Aj napriek tomu, že spotreba alkoholu na Slovensku v priebehu desaťročí pomaly klesá a dosahuje európsky priemer, počet opitých detí na Oddelení urgentného príjmu Národného ústavu detských chorôb (OUP NÚDCH) v Bratislave medziročne stúpa. Ciele: Cieľom tejto práce je priblížiť naše skúsenosti so starostlivosťou o deti pod vplyvom alkoholu. Zdôrazniť potrebu prevencie užívania alkoholu u detí a mladistvých.Materiál a metódy: Súbor predstavuje všetky deti ošetrené na OUP NÚDCH po požití alkoholu v období od novembra 2010 do decembra 2018. Zaznamenávali sme vek, pohlavie, hladinu alkoholu v krvi, pridružené otravy, druh alkoholu a cestu pacienta po ošetrení v ambulancii OUP. Výsledky: V predmetnom období niečo viac ako ôsmych rokov sme na OUP NÚDCH ošetrili 829 detí po požití alkoholu (425 chlapcov a 404 dievčat). V roku 2018 to bolo 163 detí, čo je takmer dvojnásobok oproti roku 2011, kedy ich bolo 85. Predchádzajúcu skúsenosť s alkoholom sama potvrdila viac ako polovica detí. Priemerný vek detí dosiahol 15,6 roka, najmladší úmyselne opití mali 9 rokov. Priemerná hladina alkoholu v krvi bola 1,91 g/l. Záver: Počet u nás ošetrených detí v rôznom stupni opitosti za posledné roky stúpa. Za obdobie 8 rokov sa takmer zdvojnásobil. Je preto našou povinnosťou o tejto skutočnosti hovoriť a pôsobiť preventívne.

Introduction: Alcohol flowing in the veins of children and adolescents is a years-lasting problem not only in Slovakia. Even though consumption of alcohol decreased in Slovakia during last decades and reaches european average level, the number of drunk children at the Department of pediatric emergency, National institute of children's diseases (DEP NICD) in Bratislava rises annualy. Objective: The aim of this work is to express our experience with taking care of inebriated children and emphasize the need to prevent children and adolescents from drinking alcohol.Material and methods: The cohort consists of all children who visited DPE NICD after alcohol intake in the time period from November 2010 to December 2018. We were interested in their age, sex, blood level of alcohol, additional poisonings, type of alcohol and patient's destiny after examination at the DPE. Results: In the mentioned period of more than eight years we have treated 829 children after alcohol intake at the DPE NICD. 425 boys and 404 girls. In the year 2018 it has been 163 children which is almost twice as much as in the year 2011, when there were 85. More than a half of all children admitted previous experience with alcohol. Average age was 15.6 years, the youngest intentional drinkers were 9-years old. Average level of blood alcohol was 1.91 g/l. Conclusion: The number of children treated for alcohol abuse is rising in the past years. During the period of 8 years it has almost doubled. It is therefore our duty to act preventive and talk about this problem.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• otrava alkoholem MeSH
• pití alkoholu MeSH
• pití nezletilých * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Príspevok sa zaoberá problematikou pitia alkoholu deťmi a mládežou v Slovenskej republike. Poukazuje na závažné riziká pitia alkoholu u detí a mládeže a aktuálne trendy. Príspevok približuje oficiálne štatistické údaje z Národného centra zdravotníckych informácií a aktuálnych výskumov. Osobitná pozornosť je venovaná možnostiam preventívneho pôsobenia.

The article deals with the problem of alcohol drinking in children and youth in the Slovak Republic. It points out risks of alcohol drinking and new trends. The article reveals official statistics by the National Health Information Centre and actual researches. A special attention is paid to possibilities of prevention.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• chování mladistvých MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nárazové pití alkoholu MeSH
• otrava alkoholem epidemiologie   MeSH
• pití alkoholu * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pití nezletilých * prevence a kontrola   psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

PURPOSE: To analyze the reasons and patient-related and injury-related risk factors for reoperation after surgery for acute subdural hematoma (SDH) and the effects of reoperation on treatment outcome. METHODS: Among adult patients operated on for acute SDH between 2013 and 2017, patients reoperated within 14 days after the primary surgery were identified. In all patients, parameters were identified that related to the patient (age, anticoagulation, antiplatelet, and antiepileptic treatment, and alcohol intoxication), trauma (Glasgow Coma Score, SDH thickness, midline shift, midline shift /hematoma thickness rate, other surgical lesion, primary surgery-trephination, craniotomy, or decompressive craniotomy), and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). The reasons for reoperation and intervals between primary surgery and reoperation were studied. RESULTS: Of 86 investigated patients, 24 patients were reoperated (27.9%), with a median interval of 2 days between primary surgery and reoperation. No significant differences in patients and injury-related factors were found between reoperated and non-reoperated patients. The rate of primary craniectomies was higher in non-reoperated patients (P = 0.066). The main indications for reoperation were recurrent /significant residual SDH (10 patients), contralateral SDH (5 patients), and expansive intracerebral hematoma or contusion (5 patients). The final median GOS was 3 in non-reoperated and 1.5 in reoperated patients, with good outcomes in 41.2% of non-reoperated and 16.7% of reoperated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Reoperation after acute SDH surgery is associated with a significantly worse prognosis. Recurrent /significant residual SDH and contralateral SDH are the most frequently found reasons for reoperation. None of the analyzed parameters were significant reoperation predictors.

• MeSH
• akutní subdurální hematom epidemiologie   etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antikonvulziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dekompresní kraniektomie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Glasgowská stupnice kómat MeSH
• Glasgowská stupnice následků MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kraniocerebrální traumata komplikace   MeSH
• kraniotomie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• otrava alkoholem epidemiologie   MeSH
• reoperace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• trepanace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH