One of the principal mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in highly frequent solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), is the decreased activity of drug transport into tumor cells due to low expression of important membrane proteins, such as solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Sequence complementarity is a major determinant for target gene recognition by microRNAs (miRNAs). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in target sequences transcribed into messenger RNA may therefore alter miRNA binding to these regions by either creating a new site or destroying an existing one. miRSNPs may explain the modulation of expression levels in association with increased/decreased susceptibility to common diseases as well as in chemoresistance and the consequent inter-individual variability in drug response. In the present study, we investigated whether miRSNPs in SLC transporter genes may modulate CRC susceptibility and patient's survival. Using an in silico approach for functional predictions, we analyzed 26 miRSNPs in 9 SLC genes in a cohort of 1368 CRC cases and 698 controls from the Czech Republic. After correcting for multiple tests, we found several miRSNPs significantly associated with patient's survival. SNPs in SLCO3A1, SLC22A2 and SLC22A3 genes were defined as prognostic factors in the classification and regression tree analysis. In contrast, we did not observe any significant association between miRSNPs and CRC risk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating miRSNPs potentially affecting miRNA binding to SLC transporter genes and their impact on CRC susceptibility or patient's prognosis.

• MeSH
• 3' nepřekládaná oblast genetika   MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• kolorektální nádory krev   genetika   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• messenger RNA krev   genetika   MeSH
• mikro RNA krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů genetika   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transportér organických kationtů 2 genetika   MeSH
• vazebná místa genetika   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss is a common side effect of platinum treatment with the potential to significantly impair the neurocognitive, social and educational development of childhood cancer survivors. Genetic association studies suggest a genetic predisposition for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Among other candidate genes, thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is considered a critical gene for susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hearing loss in a pharmacogenetic guideline. The aim of this cross-sectional cohort study was to confirm the genetic associations in a large pan-European population and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the genetic markers. METHODS: Eligibility criteria required patients to be aged less than 19 years at the start of chemotherapy, which had to include cisplatin and/or carboplatin. Patients were assigned to three phenotype categories: no, minor and clinically relevant hearing loss. Fourteen variants in eleven candidate genes (ABCC3, OTOS, TPMT, SLC22A2, NFE2L2, SLC16A5, LRP2, GSTP1, SOD2, WFS1 and ACYP2) were investigated. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to model the relationship between genetic predictors and platinum ototoxicity, adjusting for clinical risk factors. Additionally, measures of the diagnostic accuracy of the genetic markers were determined. RESULTS: 900 patients were included in this study. In the multinomial logistic regression, significant unique contributions were found from SLC22A2 rs316019, the age at the start of platinum treatment, cranial radiation and the interaction term [platinum compound]∗[cumulative dose of cisplatin]. The predictive performance of the genetic markers was poor compared with the clinical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: PanCareLIFE is the largest study of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity to date and confirmed a role for the polyspecific organic cation transporter SLC22A2. However, the predictive value of the current genetic candidate markers for clinical use is negligible, which puts the value of clinical factors for risk assessment of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity back into the foreground.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• cisplatina škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• farmakogenomické testování MeSH
• farmakogenomické varianty * MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• karboplatina škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory farmakoterapie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ototoxicita MeSH
• percepční nedoslýchavost chemicky indukované   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sluch účinky léků   MeSH
• transportér organických kationtů 2 genetika   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

AIM: Serotonin is crucial for proper foetal development, and the placenta has been described as a 'donor' of serotonin for the embryo/foetus. However, in later stages of gestation the foetus produces its own serotonin from maternally-derived tryptophan and placental supply is no longer needed. We propose a novel model of serotonin homeostasis in the term placenta with special focus on the protective role of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/SLC22A3). METHODS: Dually perfused rat term placenta was employed to quantify serotonin/tryptophan transport and metabolism. Placental membrane vesicles isolated from human term placenta were used to characterize serotonin transporters on both sides of the syncytiotrophoblast. RESULTS: We obtained the first evidence that serotonin is massively taken up from the foetal circulation by OCT3. This uptake is concentration-dependent and inhibitable by OCT3 blockers of endogenous (glucocorticoids) or exogenous (pharmaceuticals) origin. Population analyses in rat placenta revealed that foetal sex influences placental extraction of serotonin from foetal circulation. Negligible foetal serotonin levels were detected in maternal-to-foetal serotonin/tryptophan transport and metabolic studies. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that OCT3, localized on the foetus-facing membrane of syncytiotrophoblast, is an essential component of foeto-placental homeostasis of serotonin. Together with serotonin degrading enzyme, monoamine oxidase-A, this offers a protective mechanism against local vasoconstriction effects of serotonin in the placenta. However, this system may be compromised by OCT3 inhibitory molecules, such as glucocorticoids or antidepressants. Our findings open new avenues to explore previously unsuspected/unexplained complications during pregnancy including prenatal glucocorticoid excess and pharmacotherapeutic risks of treating pregnant women with OCT3 inhibitors.

• MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny pro serotonin metabolismus   MeSH
• monoaminoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• placenta * metabolismus   MeSH
• plod MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty metabolismus   MeSH
• serotonin * metabolismus   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters translocate diverse substances across cellular membranes and their deregulation may cause drug resistance of cancers. This study investigated significance of protein expression and cellular localization of the previously suggested putative prognostic markers ABCC2 and SLC22A3 in pancreatic cancer patients. Protein localization and brush border staining intensity of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 was assessed in tumor tissue blocks of 65 pancreatic cancer patients and associated with clinical data and survival of patients with regard to therapy. Negative SLC22A3 brush border staining in pancreatic tumors significantly increased the risk of both disease progression and patient´s death in univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses confirmed the association of SLC22A3 expression with progression-free survival of patients. A subgroup analysis of patients treated with regimens based on nucleoside analogs suggested that patients with negative brush border staining or apical localization of SLC22A3 in tumor cells have worse overall survival. The combination of positive ABCC2 and negative SLC22A3 brush border staining predicted worst overall survival and patients with positive brush border staining of both proteins had best overall and progression-free survival. The present study shows for the first time that the protein presence and to some extent also localization of SLC22A3 significantly associate with prognosis of pancreatic cancer in both unstratified and chemotherapy-treated patients. The combination of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 brush border staining also needs further attention in this regard.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom * metabolismus   mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádorové proteiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * metabolismus   mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty biosyntéza   MeSH
• proteiny spojené s mnohočetnou rezistencí k lékům biosyntéza   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In spite of remarkable reduction in the number of children born with HIV due to antiretroviral therapy, concerns remain on the short- and long-term effects of antiretroviral drugs at the feto-placental unit. Cardio- and skeletal myopathies have been reported in children exposed to antiretroviral drugs prenatally. These conditions have also been described in perturbed placental transfer of l-carnitine, an essential co-factor in fatty acid oxidation. Due to limited fetal and placental synthesis, carnitine supply is maintained through the placental carnitine uptake from maternal blood by the organic cation/carnitine transporters OCTN1 and OCTN2 (SLC22A4 and SLC22A5, respectively). The aim of our study was to investigate potential inhibition of placental carnitine uptake by a broad range of antiretroviral drugs comprising nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (rilpivirine, efavirenz, etravirine), protease inhibitors (ritonavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, saquinavir, tipranavir), integrase inhibitors (raltegravir, dolutegravir, elvitegravir) and viral entry inhibitor, maraviroc. Studies in choriocarcinoma BeWo cells and human placenta-derived models confirmed predominant expression and function of OCTN2 above OCTN1 in l-carnitine transport. Subsequent screenings in BeWo cells and isolated MVM vesicles revealed seven antiretroviral drugs as inhibitors of the Na+-dependent l-carnitine uptake, corresponding to OCTN2. Ritonavir, saquinavir and elvitegravir showed the highest inhibitory potential which was further confirmed for ritonavir and saquinavir in placental fresh villous fragments. Our data indicate possible impairment in placental and fetal supply of l-carnitine with ritonavir and saquinavir, while suggesting retained placental carnitine transport with the other antiretroviral drugs.

• MeSH
• antiretrovirové látky toxicita   MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• karnitin metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matka - expozice noxám škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• placenta účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• rodina nosičů rozpuštěných látek 22, člen 5 antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is usually administered with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), many of which are substrates of OCT uptake solute carriers (SLC22A) and MATE (SLC47A), P-gp (MDR1, ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2), or MRP2 (ABCC2) efflux transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of efavirenz towards these transporters and investigate its effects on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a known Oct/Mate substrate, lamivudine, in rats. Accumulation and transport assays showed that efavirenz inhibits the uptake of metformin by OCT1-, OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK cells and reduces transcellular transport of lamivudine across OCT1/OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK monolayers. Only negligible inhibition of MATE2-K was observed in HEK-MATE2-K cells. Efavirenz also reduced the efflux of calcein from MDCK-MRP2 cells, but had a rather weak inhibitory effect on Hoechst 33342 accumulation in MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP cells. An in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction study in male Wistar rats revealed that intravenous injection of efavirenz or the control Oct/Mate inhibitor cimetidine significantly reduced the recovery of lamivudine in urine and greatly increased lamivudine retention in the renal tissue. Co-administration with efavirenz or cimetidine also increased the AUC0-∞ value and reduced total body clearance of lamivudine. These data suggest that efavirenz is a potent inhibitor of OCT/Oct and MATE/Mate transporters. Consequently, it can engage in drug-drug interactions that reduce renal excretion of co-administered substrates and enhance their retention in the kidneys, potentially compromising therapeutic safety.

• MeSH
• benzoxaziny farmakologie   MeSH
• buňky MDCK MeSH
• cimetidin farmakologie   MeSH
• eliminace ledvinami MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• inhibitory reverzní transkriptasy farmakokinetika   farmakologie   moč   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lamivudin farmakokinetika   farmakologie   moč   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metformin metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• poločas MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny spojené s mnohočetnou rezistencí k lékům antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Renal hypouricemia is a rare heterogeneous inherited disorder characterized by impaired tubular uric acid transport, reabsorption insufficiency and /or acceleration of secretion. The affected individuals are predisposed to nephrolithiasis and recurrent episodes of exercise-induced acute kidney injury. Type 1 is caused by dysfunctional variants in the SLC22A12 gene (URAT1), while type 2 is caused by defects in the SLC2A9 gene (GLUT9). To date, more than 150 patients with the loss-of-function mutations for the SLC22A12 gene have been found (compound heterozygotes and/or homozygotes), most of whom are Japanese and Koreans. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we report a nine year old Sri Lankan boy with renal hypouricemia (serum uric acid 97 μmol/L, fractional excretion of uric acid 33%).The sequencing analysis of SLC22A12 revealed a potentially deleterious missense variant c.1400C > T (p.T467 M, rs200104135) in heterozygous state. This variant has been previously identified in homozygous and/or compound heterozygous state with other causative SLC22A12 variant c.1245_1253del (p.L415_G417del) in Roma population. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first identification of a family with mild renal hypouricemia1 associated to the p.T467 M variant. Detailed investigations of urate blood and urine concentrations in patients with unexplained hypouricemia are needed and renal hypouricemia should also be considered in patients other than those from Japan and/or Korea. Our finding confirms an uneven geographical and ethnic distribution of Romany prevalent SLC22A12 variant that need to be considered in Asian patients (population data Genome Aggregation Database: allele frequency in South Asia 0.007055, in East Asia 0.001330).

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• heterozygot * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• missense mutace * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• močové kameny genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů genetika   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty genetika   MeSH
• vrozené poruchy tubulárního transportu genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srí Lanka MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní poškození ledvin krev   prevence a kontrola   moč   MeSH
• alopurinol aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• cystinóza krev   diagnóza   moč   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Fanconiho syndrom krev   diagnóza   moč   MeSH
• genetické testování MeSH
• kyselina močová krev   metabolismus   moč   MeSH
• ledvinové kanálky metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močové kameny krev   diagnóza   genetika   moč   MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů genetika   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty genetika   MeSH
• proteiny usnadňující transport glukosy genetika   MeSH
• renální reabsorpce MeSH
• syndrom nepřiměřené sekrece ADH krev   diagnóza   moč   MeSH
• vrozené poruchy tubulárního transportu krev   diagnóza   genetika   moč   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Renal hypouricemia (RHUC), a rare inherited disorder characterized by impaired uric acid (UA) reabsorption in the proximal tubule, is caused by mutations in SLC22A12 or SLC2A9. Most mutations have been identified in Japanese patients, and only a few have been detected in Europeans. METHODS: We report clinical, biochemical and genetics findings of fourteen Spanish patients, six Caucasians and eight of Roma ethnia, diagnosed with idiopathic RHUC. Two of the patients presented exercise-induced acute renal failure and another one had several episodes of nephrolithiasis and four of them had progressive deterioration of renal function, while the rest were asymptomatic. RESULTS: Molecular analysis revealed SLC22A12 mutations in ten of the patients, and SLC2A9 mutations in the other four. A new heterozygous SLC22A12 missense mutation, c.1427C>A (p.A476D), was identified in two affected members of the same family. The rest of the patients presented homozygous, heterozygous or compound heterozygous mutations that have been previously identified in patients with RHUC; SLC22A12 p.T467M and p.L415_G417del, and SLC2A9 p.T125M. Expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that c.1427C>A reduced UA transport but did not alter the location of URAT1 protein on the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The biochemical and clinical features of our patients together with the genetic analysis results confirmed the diagnosis of RHUC. This is the first report describing SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 mutations in Spanish patients.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• močové kameny genetika   MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů genetika   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty genetika   MeSH
• proteiny usnadňující transport glukosy genetika   MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vrozené poruchy tubulárního transportu genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko MeSH

OBJECTIVE: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of gout and its subtypes was performed to identify novel gout loci, including those that are subtype-specific. METHODS: Putative causal association signals from a GWAS of 945 clinically defined gout cases and 1213 controls from Japanese males were replicated with 1396 cases and 1268 controls using a custom chip of 1961 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also first conducted GWASs of gout subtypes. Replication with Caucasian and New Zealand Polynesian samples was done to further validate the loci identified in this study. RESULTS: In addition to the five loci we reported previously, further susceptibility loci were identified at a genome-wide significance level (p<5.0×10(-8)): urate transporter genes (SLC22A12 and SLC17A1) and HIST1H2BF-HIST1H4E for all gout cases, and NIPAL1 and FAM35A for the renal underexcretion gout subtype. While NIPAL1 encodes a magnesium transporter, functional analysis did not detect urate transport via NIPAL1, suggesting an indirect association with urate handling. Localisation analysis in the human kidney revealed expression of NIPAL1 and FAM35A mainly in the distal tubules, which suggests the involvement of the distal nephron in urate handling in humans. Clinically ascertained male patients with gout and controls of Caucasian and Polynesian ancestries were also genotyped, and FAM35A was associated with gout in all cases. A meta-analysis of the three populations revealed FAM35A to be associated with gout at a genome-wide level of significance (p meta =3.58×10(-8)). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings including novel gout risk loci provide further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of gout and lead to a novel concept for the therapeutic target of gout/hyperuricaemia.

• MeSH
• Asijci genetika   MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie * MeSH
• dna (nemoc) klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• genetické lokusy MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• histony genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• kotransportní proteiny pro sodík a fosfát - typ I genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přenašeče organických aniontů genetika   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty genetika   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející organické kationty genetika   MeSH
• proteiny genetika   MeSH
• původní obyvatelé Havajských a ostatních tichomořských ostrovů genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Japonsko MeSH