UNLABELLED: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by altered brain functional connectivity, detectable during both task and resting state conditions using different neuroimaging methods. To this day, electroencephalography (EEG) studies have reported inconsistent results, showing both hyper- and hypo-connectivity with diverse topographical distributions. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by volume-conduction effects, where local brain activity fluctuations project simultaneously to distant scalp regions (zero-phase lag), inducing spurious inter-electrode correlations. AIM: In the present study, we explored the network dynamics of schizophrenia using a novel functional connectivity metric-corrected imaginary phase locking value (ciPLV)-which is insensitive to changes in amplitude as well as interactions at zero-phase lag. This method, which is less prone to volume conduction effects, provides a more reliable estimate of sensor-space functional network connectivity in schizophrenia. METHODS: We employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing resting state EEG recordings from two adult groups: individuals diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia (n = 30) and a control group of healthy participants (n = 30), all aged between 18 and 55 years old. RESULTS: Our observations revealed that schizophrenia is characterized by a prevalence of excess theta (4-8 Hz) power localized to centroparietal electrodes. This was accompanied by significant alterations in inter- and intra-hemispheric functional network connectivity patterns, mainly between frontotemporal regions within the theta band and frontoparietal regions within beta/gamma bands. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia demonstrate long-range electrophysiological connectivity abnormalities that are independent of spectral power (i.e., volume conduction). Overall, distinct hemispheric differences were present in frontotemporo-parietal networks in theta and beta/gamma bands. While preliminary, these alterations could be promising new candidate biomarkers of chronic schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nervová síť patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- odpočinek fyziologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- schizofrenie * patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Initially, molecular hydrogen was considered a physiologically inert and non-functional gas. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that molecular hydrogen has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and strong selective antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 60 minutes of molecular hydrogen inhalation on respiratory gas analysis parameters using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The study was conducted at Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc from September 2022 to March 2023. Twenty, physically active female participants aged 22.1 ± 1.6 years who inhaled either molecular hydrogen or ambient air through a nasal cannula (300 mL/min) for 60 minutes while resting were included in this study. Metabolic response was measured using indirect calorimetry. Breath-by-breath data were averaged over four 15-minute intervals. Compared with placebo (ambient air), molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly decreased respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation across all intervals. Furthermore, the change in respiratory exchange ratio was negatively correlated with body fat percentage from 30 minutes onwards. In conclusion, 60 minutes of resting molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly increased resting fat oxidation, as evidenced by decreased respiratory exchange ratio, particularly in individuals with higher body fat percentages.
- MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- klinické křížové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odpočinek * MeSH
- placebo MeSH
- vodík * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Spontaneously fluctuating brain activity patterns that emerge at rest have been linked to the brain's health and cognition. Despite detailed descriptions of the spatio-temporal brain patterns, our understanding of their generative mechanism is still incomplete. Using a combination of computational modeling and dynamical systems analysis we provide a mechanistic description of the formation of a resting state manifold via the network connectivity. We demonstrate that the symmetry breaking by the connectivity creates a characteristic flow on the manifold, which produces the major data features across scales and imaging modalities. These include spontaneous high-amplitude co-activations, neuronal cascades, spectral cortical gradients, multistability, and characteristic functional connectivity dynamics. When aggregated across cortical hierarchies, these match the profiles from empirical data. The understanding of the brain's resting state manifold is fundamental for the construction of task-specific flows and manifolds used in theories of brain function. In addition, it shifts the focus from the single recordings towards the brain's capacity to generate certain dynamics characteristic of health and pathology.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- modely neurologické * MeSH
- mozek * fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nervová síť fyziologie MeSH
- odpočinek * fyziologie MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Besides being responsible for olfaction and air intake, the nose contains abundant vasculature and autonomic nervous system innervations, and it is a cerebrospinal fluid clearance site. Therefore, the nose is an attractive target for functional MRI (fMRI). Yet, nose fMRI has not been possible so far due to signal losses originating from nasal air-tissue interfaces. Here, we demonstrated feasibility of nose fMRI by using novel ultrashort/zero echo time (TE) MRI. Results obtained in the resting-state from 13 healthy participants at 7T and in 5 awake mice at 9.4T revealed a highly reproducible resting-state nose functional network that likely reflects autonomic nervous system activity. Another network observed in humans involves the nose, major brain vessels and CSF spaces, presenting a temporal dynamic that correlates with heart rate and breathing rate. These resting-state nose functional signals should help elucidate peripheral and central nervous system integrations.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nos * fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- odpočinek fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- relaxace MeSH
- relaxační terapie * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- MeSH
- bolest * klasifikace patologie psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management bolesti * metody MeSH
- regenerativní lékařství metody MeSH
- relaxace psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Sleep and light education (SLE) combined with relaxation is a potential method of addressing sleep and affective problems in older people. 47 participants took part in a four-week sleep education program. SLE was conducted once a week for 60-90 minutes. Participants were instructed on sleep and light hygiene, sleep processes, and practiced relaxation techniques. Participants were wearing actigraphs for 6 weeks, completed daily sleep diaries, and wore blue light-blocking glasses 120 minutes before bedtime. Measures included scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and actigraphy measurements of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep fragmentation. Sleep quality increased after SLE based on the subjective assessment and in the objective measurement with actigraphy. PSQI scores were statistically reduced indicating better sleep. Scores after the intervention significantly decreased in ESS and ISS. Sleep latency significantly decreased, whereas sleep efficiency and fragmentation index (%), did not improve. Mood significantly improved after SLE, with lower scores on the BDI-II and STAI. SLE combined with relaxation proved to be an effective method to reduce sleep problems and the incidence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
- MeSH
- afekt * fyziologie MeSH
- aktigrafie MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie MeSH
- deprese MeSH
- kvalita spánku MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- relaxace fyziologie MeSH
- relaxační terapie metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spánek * fyziologie MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- úzkost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
