UNLABELLED: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by altered brain functional connectivity, detectable during both task and resting state conditions using different neuroimaging methods. To this day, electroencephalography (EEG) studies have reported inconsistent results, showing both hyper- and hypo-connectivity with diverse topographical distributions. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by volume-conduction effects, where local brain activity fluctuations project simultaneously to distant scalp regions (zero-phase lag), inducing spurious inter-electrode correlations. AIM: In the present study, we explored the network dynamics of schizophrenia using a novel functional connectivity metric-corrected imaginary phase locking value (ciPLV)-which is insensitive to changes in amplitude as well as interactions at zero-phase lag. This method, which is less prone to volume conduction effects, provides a more reliable estimate of sensor-space functional network connectivity in schizophrenia. METHODS: We employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing resting state EEG recordings from two adult groups: individuals diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia (n = 30) and a control group of healthy participants (n = 30), all aged between 18 and 55 years old. RESULTS: Our observations revealed that schizophrenia is characterized by a prevalence of excess theta (4-8 Hz) power localized to centroparietal electrodes. This was accompanied by significant alterations in inter- and intra-hemispheric functional network connectivity patterns, mainly between frontotemporal regions within the theta band and frontoparietal regions within beta/gamma bands. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia demonstrate long-range electrophysiological connectivity abnormalities that are independent of spectral power (i.e., volume conduction). Overall, distinct hemispheric differences were present in frontotemporo-parietal networks in theta and beta/gamma bands. While preliminary, these alterations could be promising new candidate biomarkers of chronic schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- Chronic Disease MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Electroencephalography * methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain physiopathology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Nerve Net physiopathology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Rest physiology MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Schizophrenia * physiopathology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Initially, molecular hydrogen was considered a physiologically inert and non-functional gas. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that molecular hydrogen has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and strong selective antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 60 minutes of molecular hydrogen inhalation on respiratory gas analysis parameters using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The study was conducted at Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc from September 2022 to March 2023. Twenty, physically active female participants aged 22.1 ± 1.6 years who inhaled either molecular hydrogen or ambient air through a nasal cannula (300 mL/min) for 60 minutes while resting were included in this study. Metabolic response was measured using indirect calorimetry. Breath-by-breath data were averaged over four 15-minute intervals. Compared with placebo (ambient air), molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly decreased respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation across all intervals. Furthermore, the change in respiratory exchange ratio was negatively correlated with body fat percentage from 30 minutes onwards. In conclusion, 60 minutes of resting molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly increased resting fat oxidation, as evidenced by decreased respiratory exchange ratio, particularly in individuals with higher body fat percentages.
- MeSH
- Administration, Inhalation MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Double-Blind Method MeSH
- Cross-Over Studies MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Rest * MeSH
- Placebos MeSH
- Hydrogen * administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Healthy Volunteers MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
Spontaneously fluctuating brain activity patterns that emerge at rest have been linked to the brain's health and cognition. Despite detailed descriptions of the spatio-temporal brain patterns, our understanding of their generative mechanism is still incomplete. Using a combination of computational modeling and dynamical systems analysis we provide a mechanistic description of the formation of a resting state manifold via the network connectivity. We demonstrate that the symmetry breaking by the connectivity creates a characteristic flow on the manifold, which produces the major data features across scales and imaging modalities. These include spontaneous high-amplitude co-activations, neuronal cascades, spectral cortical gradients, multistability, and characteristic functional connectivity dynamics. When aggregated across cortical hierarchies, these match the profiles from empirical data. The understanding of the brain's resting state manifold is fundamental for the construction of task-specific flows and manifolds used in theories of brain function. In addition, it shifts the focus from the single recordings towards the brain's capacity to generate certain dynamics characteristic of health and pathology.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Brain Mapping methods MeSH
- Models, Neurological * MeSH
- Brain * physiology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Nerve Net physiology MeSH
- Rest * physiology MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nature * MeSH
- Psychological Well-Being * MeSH
- Relaxation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Besides being responsible for olfaction and air intake, the nose contains abundant vasculature and autonomic nervous system innervations, and it is a cerebrospinal fluid clearance site. Therefore, the nose is an attractive target for functional MRI (fMRI). Yet, nose fMRI has not been possible so far due to signal losses originating from nasal air-tissue interfaces. Here, we demonstrated feasibility of nose fMRI by using novel ultrashort/zero echo time (TE) MRI. Results obtained in the resting-state from 13 healthy participants at 7T and in 5 awake mice at 9.4T revealed a highly reproducible resting-state nose functional network that likely reflects autonomic nervous system activity. Another network observed in humans involves the nose, major brain vessels and CSF spaces, presenting a temporal dynamic that correlates with heart rate and breathing rate. These resting-state nose functional signals should help elucidate peripheral and central nervous system integrations.
- MeSH
- Autonomic Nervous System physiology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods MeSH
- Brain Mapping methods MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain physiology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Nose * physiology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Rest physiology MeSH
- Heart Rate physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Relaxation MeSH
- Relaxation Therapy * instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
Sleep and light education (SLE) combined with relaxation is a potential method of addressing sleep and affective problems in older people. 47 participants took part in a four-week sleep education program. SLE was conducted once a week for 60-90 minutes. Participants were instructed on sleep and light hygiene, sleep processes, and practiced relaxation techniques. Participants were wearing actigraphs for 6 weeks, completed daily sleep diaries, and wore blue light-blocking glasses 120 minutes before bedtime. Measures included scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and actigraphy measurements of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep fragmentation. Sleep quality increased after SLE based on the subjective assessment and in the objective measurement with actigraphy. PSQI scores were statistically reduced indicating better sleep. Scores after the intervention significantly decreased in ESS and ISS. Sleep latency significantly decreased, whereas sleep efficiency and fragmentation index (%), did not improve. Mood significantly improved after SLE, with lower scores on the BDI-II and STAI. SLE combined with relaxation proved to be an effective method to reduce sleep problems and the incidence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
- MeSH
- Affect * physiology MeSH
- Actigraphy MeSH
- Circadian Rhythm physiology MeSH
- Depression MeSH
- Sleep Quality MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Relaxation physiology MeSH
- Relaxation Therapy methods MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sleep * physiology MeSH
- Light MeSH
- Anxiety MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Occupational Health MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Rest MeSH
- Shift Work Schedule * legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Workforce economics legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Legislation as Topic MeSH
- Employment legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ATHP-HC on the severity of nausea and vomiting, relaxation state, brainwaves, and quality of life in women with Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP). Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 62 pregnant women randomly allocated into intervention and control groups using a pre-post-test. Researchers provided ATHP-HC to the intervention group and Cirebon Gamelan audio therapy to the control group. The research instruments included PUQE-24-hour scoring, measurement of vital signs, brainwaves using NeuroSky MindWave Mobile II, and WHOQOL-BREF. The data collected were processed with SPSS version 24.0 and analyzed using the statistical formula paired t-test. Results: The results of the study showed that there were significant differences between nausea and vomiting scores (p = 0.000), relaxation levels (p = 0.003 in the intervention group and p = 0.000 in the control group), and quality of life (p = 0.000), before and after the treatment in the intervention group and the control group. There was a significant difference in the state of relaxation after the intervention in the two groups of respondents (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of increased meditation in the two groups of respondents (p = 0.707). Conclusion: As relaxation and meditation music, ATHP-HC can be a complementary therapy for pregnant women to overcome NVP.
- MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain Waves MeSH
- Music Therapy * methods MeSH
- Nausea therapy MeSH
- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Relaxation MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Pregnancy * MeSH
- Vomiting therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Pregnancy * MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
