- Klíčová slova
- aklidinium bromid, ASCENT-COPD,
- MeSH
- bezpečnost MeSH
- bromidy * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky, fáze IV MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- MeSH
- bromidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- dyspnoe etiologie MeSH
- formoterol fumarát terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- respirační funkční testy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Neutron detection using nuclear emulsions can offer an alternative in personal dosimetry. The production of emulsions and their quality have to be well controlled with respect to their application in dosimetry. Nuclear emulsions consist mainly of gelatin and silver halide. Gelatin contains a significant amount of hydrogen, which can be used for fast neutron detection. The addition of B-10 in the emulsion is convenient for thermal neutron detection. In this paper, standard nuclear emulsions BR-2 and nuclear emulsions BR-2 enriched with boron produced at the Slavich Company, Russia, were applied for evaluation of fast and thermal neutron fluences. The results were obtained by calculation from the presumed emulsion composition without prior calibration. Evidence that nuclear emulsions used in the experiment are suitable for neutron dosimetry is provided.
- MeSH
- bor chemie MeSH
- bromidy chemie MeSH
- emulze * MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- helium analýza MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lithium analýza MeSH
- neutrony * MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- radiometrie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- rychlé neutrony * MeSH
- sloučeniny stříbra chemie MeSH
- vodík chemie MeSH
- želatina chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- bromované uhlovodíky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polybrombifenylové sloučeniny chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retardanty hoření * metabolismus škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- sloučeniny bromu škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
x
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chemické bojové látky * farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chloracetáty chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dráždivé látky * dějiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fosgen analogy a deriváty farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sloučeniny bromu chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- slzné plyny chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This paper looks at chemistry of individual oxyhalogens such as chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate and bromates, their origin in drinking water and health effects which restrict their concentrations. It is concluded that with understanding of mechanisms of formation of individual oxyhalogens and undertaking practical steps during water treatment and disinfection processes their concentration can, in the majority of cases, be controlled within the drinking water guideline limits.
The diverse mechanism of antimicrobial activity of Ag and AgBr nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and also against several strains of candida was explored in this study. The AgBr nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by simple precipitation of silver nitrate by potassium bromide in the presence of stabilizing polymers. The used polymers (PEG, PVP, PVA, and HEC) influence significantly the size of the prepared AgBr NPs dependently on the mode of interaction of polymer with Ag+ ions. Small NPs (diameter of about 60-70 nm) were formed in the presence of the polymer with low interaction as are PEG and HEC, the polymers which interact with Ag+ strongly produce nearly two times bigger NPs (120-130 nm). The prepared AgBr NPs were transformed to Ag NPs by the reduction using NaBH4. The sizes of the produced Ag NPs followed the same trends--the smallest NPs were produced in the presence of PEG and HEC polymers. Prepared AgBr and Ag NPs dispersions were tested for their biological activity. The obtained results of antimicrobial activity of AgBr and Ag NPs are discussed in terms of possible mechanism of the action of these NPs against tested microbial strains. The AgBr NPs are more effective against gram-negative bacteria and tested yeast strains while Ag NPs show the best antibacterial action against gram-positive bacteria strains.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- bromidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Candida účinky léků MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny stříbra chemie farmakologie MeSH
- stříbro chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The fate of pesticides in tropical soils is still not understood as well as it is for soils in temperate regions. In this study, water flow and transport of bromide tracer and five pesticides (atrazine, imazaquin, sulfometuron methyl, S-metolachlor, and imidacloprid) through an undisturbed soil column of tropical Oxisol were analyzed using a one-dimensional numerical model. The numerical model is based on Richards' equation for solving water flow, and the advection-dispersion equation for solving solute transport. Data from a laboratory column leaching experiment were used in the uncertainty analysis using a global optimization methodology to evaluate the model's sensitivity to transport parameters. All pesticides were found to be relatively mobile (sorption distribution coefficients lower than 2 cm(3) g(-1)). Experimental data indicated significant non-conservative behavior of bromide tracer. All pesticides, with the exception of imidacloprid, were found less persistent (degradation half-lives smaller than 45 days). Three of the five pesticides (atrazine, sulfometuron methyl, and S-metolachlor) were better described by the linear kinetic sorption model, while the breakthrough curves of imazaquin and imidacloprid were more appropriately approximated using nonlinear instantaneous sorption. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the model is most sensitive to sorption distribution coefficient. The prediction limits contained most of the measured points of the experimental breakthrough curves, indicating adequate model concept and model structure for the description of transport processes in the soil column under study. Uncertainty analysis using a physically-based Monte Carlo modeling of pesticide fate and transport provides useful information for the evaluation of chemical leaching in Hawaii soils.
- MeSH
- bromidy chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- herbicidy chemie MeSH
- insekticidy chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie MeSH
- pohyb vody MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Havajské ostrovy MeSH
Native hyaluronan (HA) has been oxidized to polyaldehyde polymers with a degree of substitution (DS) of up to 50%. Two different procedures enabling the control of the degree of substitution were followed in this study. Selective oxidation of primary hydroxyl groups of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine of hyaluronan was performed either in an aqueous solution containing AcNH-TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl or in an aprotic solvent containing Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP). It was found that a change of reaction parameters (reaction time and temperature, type of catalyst, oxidant-to-HA ratio, presence of nitrogen, buffer type, and concentration) had an influence on the degree of substitution and molecular weight. The derivatives were characterized by MS, NMR spectroscopy, and SEC-MALLS. Degradation of hyaluronic acid by the oxidant was observed and confirmed by SEC. The effect of oxidized derivatives of hyaluronan on cells was studied by means of NIH 3T3 fibroblast viability, which indicates that prepared hyaluronan polyaldehydes are biocompatible and suitable for medical applications and tissue engineering. The function of polyaldehyde as precursor for other modification was illustrated in the reaction with lysine.
- MeSH
- acetylglukosamin chemie MeSH
- aldehydy chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- biopolymery chemie farmakologie MeSH
- bromidy chemie MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- chlornan sodný chemie MeSH
- cyklické N-oxidy chemie MeSH
- dusík chemie MeSH
- iminopyranosy chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová analogy a deriváty chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- sloučeniny sodíku chemie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
