STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of the non-respiratory arousal burden at baseline polysomnography (PSG) on residual daytime sleepiness in positive airway pressure (PAP)-treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: We included OSA patients from the European Sleep Apnea Database registry with available arousal data who had at least 2 treatment follow-up visits. The primary outcome was the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score under PAP. The non-respiratory arousal ratio (NRAR) was defined as the ratio of non-respiratory to total arousals at baseline PSG. A linear mixed model tested the effect of NRAR tertiles on residual sleepiness. Baseline variables that differed significantly between groups were included as covariates. RESULTS: 800 patients with OSA (69.6 % male, mean age 57.1 ± 12.0 years, mean NRAR 0.22 ± 0.20) were evaluated during three follow up visits at a mean of 197.4, 499.3, and 731.6 days after PAP initiation. The interaction between time and NRAR tertile was statistically significant (F = 4.55, p = 0.001). The lowest NRAR tertile was associated with lower residual sleepiness over time compared to the highest NRAR tertile. The associations were independent of sex, comorbidities, body mass index, blood pressure, baseline apnea-hypopnea index, and baseline ESS score. CONCLUSIONS: NRAR at baseline PSG predicts residual sleepiness in PAP-treated OSA patients. The findings offer new insights into OSA phenotyping and have important implications for patient care.
- MeSH
- arousal * fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obstrukční spánková apnoe * terapie patofyziologie komplikace MeSH
- polysomnografie * MeSH
- poruchy nadměrné spavosti patofyziologie MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- trvalý přetlak v dýchacích cestách * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Sleep symptoms, including excessive sleepiness, are frequently reported by patients with functional motor disorders (FMD). We aimed to classify the comorbid sleep disorders in FMD, and to investigate the relationship between subjective sleepiness and objective measures of hypersomnia, comparing them with data from people with central hypersomnia. A total of 37 patients (mean [SD] age 46.4 [11.2] years) with clinically definite FMD, and 17 patients (mean [SD] age 41.1 [11.6] years) with central hypersomnia underwent structured medical and sleep history, neurological examination, polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), and questionnaires assessing sleepiness, fatigue, and depression. In all, 23 patients with FMD (62%) reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Evidence of specific sleep disorders was identified in our cohort, with 35% having restless legs syndrome; 49% obstructive sleep apnea; and 8% periodic limb movements in sleep; however, the presence of these disorders was not correlated with subjective sleepiness. Patients with FMD with self-reported sleepiness reported higher fatigue (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.002), and had longer sleep latencies in the MSLT (p < 0.001) compared to the patients with central hypersomnia. No correlation was found between subjective and objective sleepiness in either group. Fatigue positively correlated with self-reported sleepiness in patients with FMD (p < 0.001). This study did not find objective correlates of increased sleepiness in patients with FMD. While sleep abnormalities were found to be common in FMD, they were not correlated with self-reports of excessive sleepiness. Positive correlations between self-reported sleepiness and fatigue support the current unified model of non-motor symptoms in FMD.
- MeSH
- deprese epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- komorbidita * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- periodické pohyby končetinami ve spánku epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- polysomnografie * MeSH
- poruchy nadměrné spavosti * epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- spánková latence fyziologie MeSH
- syndrom neklidných nohou patofyziologie epidemiologie MeSH
- únava patofyziologie epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
PURPOSE: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Long-term adherence is necessary; however, it may be widely variable based on current literature, where the predicting factors are also not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess ten-year adherence to CPAP and to define factors influencing it. METHODS: In total, 107 patients (91 males) were enrolled in this study, with an average age of 53.5 years (SD 10.1), with CPAP therapy being indicated (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index - AHI > 15). Anthropometric and social status data have been obtained as well as the average use of CPAP through device memory. RESULTS: Sufficient adherence (> 4 h per night) was found in 57% of patients in the first year with no subsequent significant change during the next 9 years. Adherence correlated significantly with the severity of OSAS - AHI (r = 0.321 over 5 years) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = 0.317 over ten years) but did not correlate with the pressure used or the age of the patient. No statistically significant differences have been found between the sexes, the different mask groups, or the social status groups. CONCLUSION: Good adherence to CPAP therapy in OSAS patients is essential. According to our results, patients with more severe OSAS or more severe sleepiness seem to have better adherence.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- obstrukční spánková apnoe * terapie MeSH
- somnolence * MeSH
- techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH
- trvalý přetlak v dýchacích cestách metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Junkční náhradní rytmus vzniká pod místem blokády a může pocházet právě z atrioventrikulárního (AV) uzlu, přičemž komorová frekvence dosahuje 40-50/minutu. Ke vzniku rytmu v tomto místě může dojít při narušení funkce sinoatriálního (SA) uzlu. Z klinického hlediska mají velký význam zejména pomalé náhradní rytmy, které bývají důsledkem poškození SA uzlu (např. při ischemii myokardu spodní stěny nebo působením toxické noxy). Naše kazuistika popisuje vznik náhradního srdečního rytmu vlivem toxického působení léku ze skupiny blokátorů kalciových kanálů. Tyto otravy jsou sice vzácné, ale s o to závažnějšími důsledky. Účinek této skupiny léků je antianginózní, antihypertenzní a negativně inotropní. Blokuje pomalé kalciové kanály, které ovlivňují tvorbu a vedení akčního potenciálu ve svalovině myokardu a cév. Tyto vlastnosti mohou při předávkování vést k vazodilataci na periferii a negativně inotropním efektem způsobit kardiogenní šok a smrt. Při včasném zahájení léčby se snahou o eliminaci požité dávky léku, snížení dopadu toxického působení na organismus a zajištění zevní stimulací se zvyšuje naděje na přežití.1,2 V diferenciální diagnostice byla v první řadě vyloučena primární ischemie myokardu a pracováno dále s hypotézou intoxikace, kterou pacient sice negoval, ale která byla nakonec verifikována jako fatální příčina. Pro dlouhou expozici toxické noxe byla terapie intoxikace neúspěšná. Zdravotní stav postupně progredoval do terminální zástavy oběhu a následné smrti po protrahované kardiopulmonální resuscitaci.
Junctional ectopic rhythm emanates from AV node, under the point of present conduction defect, with heart frequency usually between 40-50 beats per minute. Clinically significant SA node injury, which may be the trigger of junctional rhythm, may be inflicted e.g. by myocardial ischemia dominantly of the inferior heart wall or by the effect of some toxic agents. This case report depicts such junctional ectopic rhythm caused by the effect of a calcium channel blocker. Such poisoning is rare, but can have detrimental consequences. Calcium channel blockers function as antihypertensive, antianginal, and negatively inotropic drugs. They block slow calcium channels, which influence the generation and conduction of action potential in the heart and vessel myocytes. Overdose with these drugs may lead to peripheral vasodilation and due to its negatively inotropic effect even to cardiogenic shock and death. Early started treatment with efforts to maximize drug elimination and eventually use of external stimulation may increase the hope of survival. In our case firstly the acute coronary syndrome was excluded. Our suspicion of drug intoxication, even that it was denied by the patient, was ultimately established as the fatal cause. Our therapy was unfortunately unsuccessful possibly because of a long exposition to this toxic substance. The patient deteriorated progressively to cardiac arrest and died in spite of a prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
- Klíčová slova
- eliminační terapie,
- MeSH
- alkalóza chemicky indukované MeSH
- blokátory kalciových kanálů otrava MeSH
- bradykardie chemicky indukované MeSH
- depresivní poruchy etiologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dokonaná sebevražda psychologie MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- hypotenze etiologie MeSH
- kardiogenní šok chemicky indukované MeSH
- kardiopulmonální resuscitace MeSH
- konflikt v rodině MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neúspěšná terapie MeSH
- orchiektomie psychologie MeSH
- plicní ventilace MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- renální insuficience chemicky indukované MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- srdeční resynchronizační terapie MeSH
- srdeční zástava MeSH
- tekutinová terapie MeSH
- testikulární nádory psychologie MeSH
- verapamil * otrava MeSH
- zvracení chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
This study aimed to understand the sleeping habits of Israeli Paralympic Athletes as a pre-intervention stage to implement sleep hygiene programs. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to determine sleepiness throughout the day. Chronotype was detected using the Horne and Östberg Questionnaire. Para-athletes who were expected to represent Israel at the Tokyo 2020 games were approached via email. The surveys were collected online between April and August, 2018. Para-athletes (n = 52, male = 32, female = 20, mean age = 31.2y, SD = 11.9, from 13 different sport disciplines) completed the online surveys. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare sleep efficiency between the sleepy and non-sleepy groups. MANOVA test was performed to evaluate differences between sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and latency between the good and poor sleep quality groups. Non-parametric tests were conducted to analyze the association between the results of the three questionnaires and each sample characteristics. Under a third (31%, n=16) of the athletes slept between 6.5 to 7 hours per night, and a further 29% (n=15) slept less than 6 hours. From the MANOVA analysis, athletes with poor sleep quality had statistically significantly lower sleep efficiency (p = .028, F(1,50) = 5.11, medium effect size: = .093), greater daytime dysfunction (p < .001, F(1,50) = 14.19, large effect size: = .221), and greater sleep latency (p < .001, F(1,50) = 15.08, large effect size: = .232), than athletes with good sleep quality. Of the athletes, 33% reported having 'moderate to excessive daytime sleepiness', 46% did not train at times that match their chronotype. The results of this study may aid in planning effective intervention methods to improve athletes' sleep quality.
- MeSH
- chronotyp MeSH
- kvalita spánku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- para sportovci * MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Bilastin je moderní nesedativní antihistaminikum druhé generace. V klinické praxi byl v tabletové formě po 20 mg užíván nejprve u dětí nad 12 let a dospělých. Nyní je k dispozici i disperzní tableta 10 mg, určená pro nižší věkové skupiny. Hlavním obsahem tohoto sdělení je popis cesty bilastinu k pacientům věkové skupiny 6-11 let. Pediatrický výzkumný plán (Pediatric Investigation Plan) byl schválen Evropskou lékovou agenturou (EMA) v roce 2012 pro bilastin 10 mg ve studiích populace ve věku 2-11 let. Nejprve byl vytvořen pediatrický ontogenetický model, jehož predikce dávky 10mg rozpustné tablety jednou denně byla konfirmována na malé skupině pacientů. Studie fáze III potvrdila non-inferioritu bilastinu ve srovnání s placebem v profilu bezpečnosti a snášenlivosti, bilastin byl non-inferiorní proti placebu rovněž ve výsledcích dotazníků somnolence/sedace pacientů. V závěru textu je zdůrazněno postavení bilastinu rozpustné tablety 10 mg v léčbě alergické rinokonjunktivitidy a chronické kopřivky u dětí ve věku 6-11 let s minimální hmotností 20 kg. Toto moderní antihistaminikum s příznivým bezpečnostním i účinnostním profilem významně rozšiřuje „portfolio" antihistaminik dostupných pro tuto věkovou skupinu, a přispívá tak ke zkvalitnění symptomatické léčby těchto pacientů. Kazuistika dokumentuje účinnost léčby bilastinem 10 mg u sedmileté pacientky s polinózou.
Bilastine is a modern non-sedative second generation antihistamine drug. Bilastine was introduced to the clinical practice as 20 mg tablet for adults and adolescents (≥ 12 years of age). Pediatric Investigation Plan was approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2012 for bilastine 10 mg in studies with children aged 2 to < 12 years. Pediatric ontogenic model was designed first. The predicted dose 10 mg in oral dispersible tablet was confirmed on a small group of patients. Phase III study confirmed the non-inferiority of bilastine compared to placebo in the safety and tolerability profile and in the somnolence/sedation questionnaire. Oral dispersible 10mg tablet designed for children aged 6 to < 12 years was approved in 2017. This paper further describes the position of bilastine 10 mg oral dispersible tablet in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and chronic urticaria for children aged 6 to < 12 years with minimal weight 20 kg. This modern antihistamine drug with positive safety and efficacy profile substantially broadens the “portfolio” of antihistamine drugs available for children of this age group and contributes to the improvement of the symptomatic treatment of these patients. The case report presents the efficacy of bilastine 10 mg oral dispersible tablet in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in a girl aged 7 years.
- Klíčová slova
- bilastin, farmakokinetický model, ontogenetický model,
- MeSH
- alergická konjunktivitida farmakoterapie MeSH
- alergická rýma farmakoterapie MeSH
- antihistaminika * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- chronická urtikarie farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This post hoc analysis evaluated long-term efficacy and safety in patients with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) or generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) who entered open-label extension (OLEx) studies to receive long-term adjunctive perampanel. METHODS: Patients aged 12 years and older who completed phase II or III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies could enter an OLEx study, each comprising a blinded conversion period followed by an open-label maintenance period (32-424 weeks; maximum perampanel dose = 12 mg/d). Exposure, seizure outcomes, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were analyzed. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between patients with FBTCS (n = 720) and GTCS (n = 138). Mean (standard deviation) cumulative duration of perampanel exposure was 102.3 (70.3) weeks (FBTCS) and 83.9 (38.4) weeks (GTCS). Retention rates were 50.0% for up to 4 years (FBTCS) and 49.2% for up to 2 years (GTCS). Across OLEx treatment durations, median reductions in seizure frequency per 28 days were 66.7% (FBTCS) and 80.6% (GTCS). Fifty percent and 75% responder and seizure-freedom rates were 59.5%, 45.3%, and 18.4%, respectively (FBTCS), and 72.5%, 51.5%, and 16.7%, respectively (GTCS). Efficacy was sustained for up to 4 years (FBTCS) and up to 3 years (GTCS), even when accounting for early dropouts. TEAE incidence was highest during Year 1 (FBTCS, 85.3%; GTCS, 86.2%); most common were dizziness and somnolence. During Year 1, serious TEAEs were reported in 81 (11.3%; FBTCS) and 10 (7.2%; GTCS) patients. TEAEs were consistent with the known safety profile of perampanel; no new safety signals were identified with long-term treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: This post hoc analysis suggests long-term (up to 4 years) adjunctive perampanel (up to 12 mg/d) is efficacious and well tolerated in patients (aged 12 years and older) with FBTCS or GTCS.
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pyridony aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- somnolence MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- záchvaty diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- závrať chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH