- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhlé příhody MeSH
- primární zdravotní péče * MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: If carried out correctly and without delay, activation of emergency services by stroke bystanders could improve mortality and disability from stroke. This paper describes the development of a school-based intervention using the Intervention Mapping approach. It aims to improve the appropriate activation of emergency medical services for suspected stroke by 12-15-year-old children. METHODS: The development of the intervention was guided by Intervention Mapping approach. The logic model of the problem was created through analysis of the existing literature and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Based on these findings, performance objectives and their determinants were determined and matched to create a model for changing emergency medical services activation behavior. Behavior change methods and their practical applications were then determined. Based on them, intervention messages and materials were designed, the intervention was drafted, pretested, and finalized. RESULTS: It was found that the main performance objectives for the activation of emergency medical services were (1) recognizing symptoms, (2) communicating with the victim, and (3) calling an ambulance immediately. Their main determinants were knowledge, social influence, risk perception, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and skills. Determinants were then matched with performance objectives to create the matrices of requested behavior changes. The following change methods were chosen: modeling, elaboration, belief selection, providing cues, scenario-based risk information, and cultural similarity. Methods were translated into practical applications in the form of a short educational film. The production company created, pretested, and finalized the film. As a result, a 5-minute entertainment-education video was created modeling an acute stroke with a child as the main bystander. CONCLUSION: The Intervention Mapping approach guided the development of a school-based program to improve Emergency medical services activation in stroke by 12-15 year old children. Our process and approach can serve as a model for researchers and health promotion professionals aiming to improve help-seeking behavior for stroke to improve stroke help-seeking behavior as well as other acute diseases.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- rozvoj plánování MeSH
- školní zdravotnické služby MeSH
- školy MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: In 2018, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) produced syncope guidelines that for the first-time incorporated Emergency Department (ED) management. However, very little is known about the characteristics and management of this patient group across Europe. OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence, clinical presentation, assessment, investigation (ECG and laboratory testing), management and ESC and Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) categories of adult European ED patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC, undifferentiated or suspected syncope). DESIGN: Prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Adults (≥18 years) presenting to European EDs with TLOC, either undifferentiated or thought to be of syncopal origin. MAIN RESULTS: Between 00:01 Monday, September 12th to 23:59 Sunday 25 September 2022, 952 patients presenting to 41 EDs in 14 European countries were enrolled from 98 301 ED presentations (n = 40 sites). Mean age (SD) was 60.7 (21.7) years and 487 participants were male (51.2%). In total, 379 (39.8%) were admitted to hospital and 573 (60.2%) were discharged. 271 (28.5%) were admitted to an observation unit first with 143 (52.8%) of these being admitted from this. 717 (75.3%) participants were high-risk according to ESC guidelines (and not suitable for discharge from ED) and 235 (24.7%) were low risk. Admission rate increased with increasing ESC high-risk factors; 1 ESC high-risk factor; n = 259 (27.2%, admission rate=34.7%), 2; 189 (19.9%; 38.6%), 3; 106 (11.1%, 54.7%, 4; 62 (6.5%, 60.4%), 5; 48 (5.0%, 67.9%, 6+; 53 (5.6%, 67.9%). Furthermore, 660 (69.3%), 250 (26.3%), 34 (3.5%) and 8 (0.8%) participants had a low, medium, high, and very high CSRS respectively with respective admission rates of 31.4%, 56.0%, 76.5% and 75.0%. Admission rates (19.3-88.9%), use of an observation/decision unit (0-100%), and percentage high-risk (64.8-88.9%) varies widely between countries. CONCLUSION: This European prospective cohort study reported a 1% prevalence of syncope in the ED. 4 in 10 patients are admitted to hospital although there is wide variation between country in syncope management. Three-quarters of patients have ESC high-risk characteristics with admission percentage rising with increasing ESC high-risk factors.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- synkopa * diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- urgentní služby nemocnice * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kanada MeSH
Jessenius Moderní farmakoterapie
4. doplněné a rozšířené vydání 282 stran : ilustrace ; 19 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na farmakoterapii různých urgentních (náhlých) stavů a na léčiva, která se k tomu používají. Obsahuje i kazuistiky. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- náhlé příhody MeSH
- terapie náhlých příhod MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- farmakoterapie
- urgentní lékařství
OBJECTIVES: Patients are the most common source of violence against EMS personnel. This study aims at elucidating specific clinical features in patients with mental alteration and aggressive behaviour increasing risk of violence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This consecutive cross-sectional retrospective study analysed consecutive patients treated for prespecified list of primary diagnoses by one EMS provider in the Czech Republic between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2023. The effect of individual features of medical history and present symptoms on the occurrence of violence, need for the Police assistance and use of restraints was evaluated, using linear regression model. RESULTS: 410 patients were evaluated. Verbal and brachial violence was present in 21.5 and 12.9 %, respectively. Police assistance was needed in 48.3 %, restraints were used in 4.6 %. The most significant predictor for violence, need for Police or restraints was agitation (OR 7.02, CI 4.14 - 11.90; OR 2.60, CI 1.60 - 4.24, OR 11.02, CI 3.49 - 34.80 respectively). Other predictors of violence included history of acute psychotic attacks and psychotic disorders, or outpatient psychiatry care. Among other predictors for Police assistance was presence of delusions, paranoia and history of outpatient psychiatry care. CONCLUSION: Prehospital care for patients with mental status alteration and aggressive behaviour is complex. Some clinical features seem to increase the risk of violence. Future research in the evaluation of agitated and violent patients is warranted to find strategies of risk mitigation for EMS personnel.
- MeSH
- agrese * psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- fyzické omezení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- násilí statistika a číselné údaje psychologie MeSH
- policie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: The Advanced Trauma Life Support classification (ATLS) of hypovolemic shock is a widely used teaching and treatment reference in emergency medicine, but oversimplifies clinical reality. A decade ago, a landmark study compared vital parameters to base deficit (BD) in trauma patients. The investigators concluded that BD had higher accuracy to detect the need for early blood product administration. BD was subsequently introduced in the ATLS shock classification and has since been widely accepted as a laboratory standard for hypovolemia. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a methodological bias may have inadvertently contributed to the study's results and interpretation. METHODS: In the current study, we replicate the original study by simulating a cohort of trauma patients with randomly generated data and applying the same methodological strategies. First, a predefined correlation between all predictor variables (vital parameters and BD) and outcome variable (transfusion) was set at 0.55. Then, in accordance with the methods of the original study we created a composite of ATLS parameters (highest class amongst heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and Glasgow Coma Scale) and compared it with BD for resulting transfusion quantity. Given the preset correlations between predictors and outcome, no predictor should exhibit a stronger association unless influenced by methodological bias. RESULTS: Applying the original imbalanced grouping and composite allocation strategies caused a systematic overestimation of shock class for traditional ATLS parameters, favoring the association between BD and transfusion. This effect persisted when the correlation between BD and transfusion was set substantially worse (rho = 0.3) than the correlation between ATLS parameters and transfusion (rho = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: In this fully reproducible simulation, we confirm the inadvertent presence of methodological bias. It is physiologically reasonable to include a metabolic parameter to classify hypovolemic shock, but more evidence is needed to support widespread and preferred use of BD.
- MeSH
- hypovolemie diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- krevní transfuze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neodkladná péče o pacienty s traumatem metody MeSH
- poruchy acidobazické rovnováhy diagnóza MeSH
- šok * klasifikace diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The substantial material and legislative investments in establishing and maintaining cytological screening in the Czech Republic represent barriers to a direct transition to primary HPV screening. Therefore, the LIBUSE project was implemented to test the efficacy of phasing in HPV DNA testing as a co-test to cytology in routine screening of women >30 years of age. METHODS: Women aged 30 to 60 years who underwent regular annual Pap smears were co-tested for HPV DNA with selective 16/18 genotyping at 3-year intervals. All HPV 16/18-positive cases and/or cases with a severe abnormality in cytology were sent for colposcopy; HPV non-16/18-positive cases and LSILs were graded using p16/Ki67 dual-stain cytology, and positive cases were sent for colposcopy. RESULTS: Overall, 2409 patients were included. After the first combined screening (year 'zero') visit, 7.4% of women were HPV-positive and 2.0% were HPV16/18-positive; only 8 women had severe Pap smear abnormalities. Triage by dual staining was positive in 21.9% of cases (28/128). Biopsy confirmed 34 high-grade precancer lesions. At the second combined visit (year 'three'), the frequency of HPV infection (5.3% vs. 7.4%) frequency of HPV16/18 (1.1% vs. 2.0%), referrals for colposcopy (35 vs. 83), and biopsy verified high-grade lesions (5 vs. 34) were significantly lower (all P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: The addition of HPV DNA testing with selective genotyping of HPV16/18 to existing cytology screening significantly increased the safety of the program. The gradual introduction of HPV testing was well received by healthcare professionals and patients, and can facilitate transformation of the cytology-based screening. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05578833.
- MeSH
- barvení a značení MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dysplazie děložního hrdla * diagnóza MeSH
- infekce papilomavirem * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 16 genetika MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 18 genetika MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * MeSH
- Papanicolaouův test MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- třídění pacientů MeSH
- vaginální stěr MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Urgentní příjmy se v Česku budují až v posledních letech. Senioři jsou typickými pacienty těchto oddělení. Přístup v urgentní medicíně je založen na vyhodnocení příznaků a na stanovení priority ošetření pacienta. Přístup k pacientům vyššího věku má mnohá specifika v diagnostice i v léčbě. Triáž geriatrických pacientů se zpřesní zhodnocením kognice, škály geriatrické křehkosti a screeningových nástrojů pro posouzení přítomnosti deliria. Komplexní geriatrické hodnocení je pro časovou náročnost pro urgentní příjem nevhodné, ale je nutné zachovat jeho základní komponenty. Léčebný přístup musí být komplexní a musí obsahovat aspekty biologické, psychologické i sociální a analýzu rizik prostředí. Management úrazů seniorů vyžaduje vyhodnocení odlišných kritických hodnot vitálních funkcí oproti kritériím běžné triáže, vlivu medikace na adaptační mechanismy a rizika nízkoenergetických mechanismů traumat. Léčba úrazů musí být včasná a komplexní a je nutné zajistit kontinuitu při přechodu z intenzivní do standardní péče a dále do péče rehabilitační. U pacientů v terminálním stadiu nevyléčitelného onemocnění je na místě paliativní přístup.
Emergency departments in the Czech Republic have been established in recent years. Seniors are typical patients of these departments. Emergency medicine´s approach is based on symptoms’ evaluation and on deciding about the priority of the care needed. The approach to older patients is specific both in diagnostics and in therapy. The triage of geriatric patients is more accurate when we also evaluate patient´s cognition, when we use geriatric frailty scales and screening tools for detection of delirium. Comprehensive geriatric evaluation is a time demanding process and thus inadequate for emergency department however we must maintain its basic components. The therapeutical approach must be complex, and it must include biological, psychological, and social aspects and environmental risk analysis. Trauma management in seniors requires evaluation of different vital function´s values compared to common triage criteria, the influence of medication on adaptive mechanisms and the risk of low energy trauma mechanisms. Therapy of trauma must be timely and complex and the continuity of care between intensive and standard level and then rehabilitation must be ensured. Palliative approach is appropriate for terminally ill patients.
Prožít závěr života s blízkými příbuznými či přáteli si dle dotazníkových šetření z posledních 10 let přeje více než 80 % naší populace. Se stárnutím populace a úspěšností medicíny v časných stadiích nevyléčitelných chorob se trajektorie nemoci a potřeby v závěru života postupně mění. Zvyšuje se nezbytnost zdravotní podpory, přičemž u většiny nemocných to znamená nutnost dostupnosti zdravotnické péče 24 hodin/7 dnů v týdnu, v tomto kontextu v rámci domácího prostředí nevyléčitelně nemocného. Stále naléhavější je tak otázka, jakým způsobem je vhodné, smysluplné a efektivní organizovat paliativní péči, jakou roli v ní mají sehrát specializované zdravotní týmy (mobilní specializovaná paliativní péče), jakou praktický lékař, zda vůbec, kdy a jak do péče má/může/měla by efektivně vstoupit zdravotnická záchranná služba. Text kombinuje zkušenost a úhel pohledu lékaře a záchranáře zdravotnické záchranné služby a lékaře se specializací geriatrie a paliativní medicína.
According to surveys conducted over the last 10 years, more than 80 % of our population want to live with their loved ones at the end of life. With the ageing of the population and the success of medicine in the early stages of terminal illness, the trajectory and needs at the end of life are gradually changing. The need for health care support is increasing, and for most patients this means the need for 24/7 availability of health care, in this context in the home environment of the terminally ill patient. The question of how palliative care should be organised in an appropriate, meaningful and effective way, the role of specialised health care teams (mobile specialised palliative care), the role of general practitioners, and if, when and how the medical rescue service should/could/should effectively intervene in care, is becoming increasingly urgent. The article combines the experiences and views of an emergency physician and a doctor specialising in geriatrics and palliative medicine.
- MeSH
- kardiopulmonální resuscitace MeSH
- kolorektální nádory MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paliativní péče * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
